Ans : The fundamental concept of Ideology is that Muslims should get a separate identity They should have a separate state where they could live according to Islamic rules and principles, profess their religion freely and safeguard Islamic tradition

Antoine Destutt de Tracy

In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order

Ideology in education refers to the beliefs, customs, culture and values that give direction to education in areas of the curriculum, such as economics, politics, moral and religious, knowledge and truth, the aesthetic and artistic (Fiala, 2007)

These educational philosophical approaches are currently used in classrooms the world over They are Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, and Reconstructionism These educational philosophies focus heavily on WHAT we should teach, the curriculum aspect

CURRICULUM IDEOLOGIES are the curriculum visions, philosophies, doctrines, opinions, conceptual frameworks, and belief systems of educators 4 CURRICULUM IDEOLOGIES Refer to people’s endeavors while they engage in curriculum activity or think about curriculum issue

There are 4 primary Curriculum Ideologies: Scholar Academic, Social Efficiency, Learner-Centered, and Social Reconstruction We can see countless debates on the best Curriculu

We call that means the curriculum The term ideologies, rather than ideology, is used here to indicate that there is no single ideology that directs education Curriculum ideologies are defined as beliefs about what schools should teach, for what ends, and for what reasons

Types of Curriculum Design

• Subject-centered design
• Learner-centered design
• Problem-centered design

Social efficiency, as Snedden defines it, is the position in education that calls for the direct teaching of knowledge, attitudes, and skills intended to shape the individual to predetermined social characteris- tics Social efficiency presumes to improve society by making its

However, an investigation of the origin of the term indicates that ‘social efficiency’ began its career in 1894 in the UK with the writing of Benjamin Kidd From the outset, Kidd’s social Darwinist position was disputed by sociologists and philosophers who interpreted the term from a humanitarian point of view

Social efficiency means taking into account all of the private and social costs and benefits of a decision / policy Social welfare is optimised when marginal social benefit = marginal social cost

Definition of social efficiency This is the optimal distribution of resources in society, taking into account all external costs and benefits as well as the internal costs and benefits Social efficiency occurs at an output where Marginal Social Benefit (MSB) = Marginal Social Cost (MSC)

Social inefficiency occurs when the price mechanism does not take into account all the costs and benefits associated with economic exchange Social costs refer to the total costs borne by society as a result of an economic transaction, and include private costs plus external costs

f The socially efficient quantity can be attained by taxing each firm an amount equal to (1/12)*192 = $ ticket so that firms will now consider the external effect when determining their output level

Aim of Education # 1 Social Efficiency: According to John Dewey, the development of social efficiency is one of the aims of education To him, school is a social institution