The study of plant genetics has major economic impacts: many staple crops are genetically modified to increase yields, confer pest and disease resistance, provide resistance to herbicides, or to increase their nutritional value.

Answer:

• Easy to grow in the garden.
• The flowers of pea plants are hermaphrodite, i.e flowers have bisexual characteristics.
• Easy to obtain pure breed plant through self-fertilization.
• The generation time of pea plants is less.
• They have excellent disease resistance and have an optimal rate of survival.

Tastier food. Disease- and drought-resistant plants that require fewer environmental resources (such as water and fertilizer) Less use of pesticides. Increased supply of food with reduced cost and longer shelf life.

To study genetics, Mendel chose to work with pea plants because they have easily identifiable traits (Figure below). For example, pea plants are either tall or short, which is an easy trait to observe. Mendel also used pea plants because they can either self-pollinate or be cross-pollinated.

On the next screen, he reveals that there are seven different traits:

• Pea shape (round or wrinkled)
• Pea color (green or yellow)
• Pod shape (constricted or inflated)
• Pod color (green or yellow)
• Flower color (purple or white)
• Plant size (tall or dwarf)
• Position of flowers (axial or terminal)

How Mendel’s pea plants helped us understand genetics. These days scientists know how you inherit characteristics from your parents. They’re able to calculate probabilities of having a specific trait or getting a genetic disease according to the information from the parents and the family history.

Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. He began separating the wrinkly peas from the shiny peas and studying which characteristics were passed on when the next crop of peas were grown.

Father of modern genetics

Mendel’s model system: The pea plant Mendel carried out his key experiments using the garden pea, Pisum sativum, as a model system. Pea plants make a convenient system for studies of inheritance, and they are still studied by some geneticists today.

Gregor Mendel describes his experiments with peas showing that heredity is transmitted in discrete units. He studied easily distinguishable characteristics like the color and texture of the peas, the color of the pea pods and flowers, and the height of the plants. …

Traits are inherited independently Mendel also experimented to see what would happen if plants with 2 or more pure-bred traits were cross-bred. He found that each trait was inherited independently of the other and produced its own 3:1 ratio. This is the principle of independent assortment.

The forms of the pea colour genes, Y and y, are called alleles. Mendel’s methodology established a prototype for genetics that is still used today for gene discovery and understanding the genetic properties of inheritance.

Early Life He spent his early youth in that rural setting, until age 11, when a local schoolmaster who was impressed with his aptitude for learning recommended that he be sent to secondary school in Troppau to continue his education.

The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is called heredity, and the characteristics that are inherited can be predicted.

‘But sometimes regenerated plants are not identical, even if they come from the same parent. They found that observable variations in regenerant plants are substantially due to high frequencies of mutations in the DNA sequence of these regenerants, mutations which are not contained in the genome of the parent plant.

Sexual Reproduction. Sexual reproduction requires genetic material (DNA) from two parents. The parent plants have male and female sex cells, called gametes. The genetic material from the male and female gametes combines to produce offspring.

The simplest way to clone a plant involves taking a cutting . This is an old but simple technique, used by gardeners. A branch from the parent plant is cut off, its lower leaves are removed, and the stem is planted in damp compost. After a few weeks, new roots develop and a new plant grows.

Plants are cloned to produce identical plants quickly and economically. Producing new plants by cloning is quicker than allowing plants to reproduce then collecting and sowing seeds. It’s therefore an effective way of producing new individuals from rare and endangered plants, helping to preserve the species.

Researchers have observed some adverse health effects in sheep and other mammals that have been cloned. These include an increase in birth size and a variety of defects in vital organs, such as the liver, brain and heart. Other consequences include premature aging and problems with the immune system.

Clones allow farmers to upgrade the overall quality of their herds by providing more copies of the best animals in the herd. These animals are then used for conventional breeding, and the sexually reproduced offspring become the food producing animals.

Given the importance of plants in every aspect of our lives, humans study plants to understand processes that are critical to our own survival and to the health of the planet. Much of our understanding of genetics and molecular biology has come from studies of plants.

They can study these preserved genes and compare the genomes of different species to uncover similarities and differences that improve their understanding of how human genes function and are controlled. This knowledge helps researchers develop new strategies to treat and prevent human disease.

Each DNA molecule contains many genes; the human genome is estimated to contain approximately 80,000-100,000 genes.

about 3 meters

Our genetic manual holds the instructions for the proteins that make up and power our bodies. But less than 2 percent of our DNA actually codes for them. The rest — 98.5 percent of DNA sequences — is so-called “junk DNA” that scientists long thought useless.

There are 219 virus species that are known to be able to infect humans.

The world’s biggest killer is ischaemic heart disease, responsible for 16% of the world’s total deaths. Since 2000, the largest increase in deaths has been for this disease, rising by more than 2 million to 8.9 million deaths in 2019.

• Other stars who have died this year include basketball star Kobe Bryant, rock ‘n’ roll founding father Little Richard and one of Celebrity Big Brother’s most memorable contestants, Jackie Stallone.
• Basketball legend Kobe Bryant’s death in a helicopter crash at the age of 41 shocked the world.

The cancers with the lowest five-year survival estimates are mesothelioma (7.2%), pancreatic cancer (7.3%) and brain cancer (12.8%). The highest five-year survival estimates are seen in patients with testicular cancer (97%), melanoma of skin (92.3%) and prostate cancer (88%).

Top 5 Deadliest Cancers

• Prostate Cancer.
• Pancreatic Cancer.
• Breast Cancer.
• Colorectal Cancer.
• Lung Cancer.

Key Facts. Measles is one of the most contagious diseases in the world.

Common examples of contagious viral diseases include the flu, the common cold, HIV, and herpes. Other types of viral diseases spread through other means, such as the bite of an infected insect.

Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Whooping cough (also called pertussis), is a serious infection that spreads easily from person to person.

As Uruguayan soccer player Luis Suárez demonstrated yesterday, sometimes people bite others. Here are five diseases you can get from human chomps.

• Infections. Human mouths contain high levels of bacteria, especially of the variety that can infect human tissues.
• Hepatitis B and C.
• HIV.
• Herpes.
• Rabies.

Human bites have been shown to transmit hepatitis B, hepatitis C, herpes simplex virus (HSV), syphilis, tuberculosis, actinomycosis, and tetanus. Evidence suggests transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through human bites is possible but very unlikely.

Common Illnesses

• Allergies.
• Colds and Flu.
• Conjunctivitis (“pink eye“)
• Diarrhea.
• Headaches.
• Mononucleosis.
• Stomach Aches.