Instruments used in surveying include:

• Alidade.
• Alidade table.
• Cosmolabe.
• Dioptra.
• Dumpy level.
• Engineer’s chain.
• Geodimeter.
• Graphometer.

A tachymeter or tacheometer is a type of theodolite used for rapid measurements and determines, electronically or electro-optically, the distance to target.

The instruments employed in tachometry are the engineer’s transit and the leveling rod or stadia rod, the theodolite and the subtense bar, the self-reducing theodolite and the leveling rod, the distance wedge and the horizontal distance rod, and the reduction tacheometer and the horizontal distance rod.

When it comes to more modern land survey units of measure, distance is often measured in land survey rods. A rod is equal to 5 ½ yards, 16 ½ feet, 1/320 of a statute mile, or 5.0292 meters. Rods are an effective unit of measurement because the whole number multiplies easily to form an acre of square measure.

Females

You start at 0 inches or 0 cm. If you start at 1, you’ll always be off in your measurement by 1.

Line up the start of your tool with 1 end of whatever you’re measuring. Place the starting end of the measuring tool where it says “0” against the closest edge of the object or distance you’re trying to measure.

Centimeters are a metric unit commonly used to measure small distances. To give some idea of size, a credit card is approx. 8.5 cm * 5.5cm or 3 1/3rd” * 2 1/8th”. In the metric system, centi always indicates 1/100th, so a centimeter is 1/100th of a meter.