Various Causes of Urbanization

The history of architecture is concerned more with religious buildings than with any other type, because in most past cultures the universal and exalted appeal of religion made the church or temple the most expressive, the most permanent, and the most influential building in any community.

Noun. process in which there is an increase in the number of people living and working in a city or metropolitan area.

• Industrialization.
• Commercialization.
• Social Benefits and Services.
• Employment Opportunities.
• Modernization and Changes in the Mode of Living.
• Rural-urban Transformation.

Most of the people see only negative sides of urbanization such as highly increasing pollution, lack of resources, destruction of habitats, social inequality etc. Society sees urbanization rather as a problem, not an opportunity, although there are also lot of positive effects of urbanization.

Urbanization and human activity within an urban system produces many destructive and irreversible effects on natural environments such as climate change, air pollution, sediment and soil erosion, increased flooding magnitude, and loss of habitat.

Second, urbanization implies agglomeration of people and firms, which reduces production costs. Urbanization permits external scale and scope economies, reduces transactions costs, and allows specialization among firms leading to low costs of production.

Air Pollution in Urbanized Areas Due to a vast number of people in these urbanized cities, the air pollution is known to be very extreme. These conditions can lead to many different health problems such as: Asthma, cardiovascular problems or disease, and different types of cancer (most commonly lung cancer).

Urbanisation has caused unprecedented economic growth, however that growth has caused huge inequalities. China, for example, has extensive urban inequalities, see figure 2. an extensive problem. One reason behind this impact is vast migration from rural areas of India towards the more urban cities.

Slums and informal settlements: The failure of urban planning and investment in infrastructure in the face of rapid urbanization and population growth has resulted in the development of slums and informal settlements in cities across the globe.

Cities reduce the area in which humans impact the environment, thereby protecting nature elsewhere. Urban populations and their “economies of space” mean reduced conversion of wildlands and lessened pressure on the habitat of other specifies, like fish and trees.

The increasing relationship that prevails in the aggregate is present in both industries, suggesting that the urbanization%fostering effect of trade operated in both manufacturing and agriculture.

A higher urbanization level means a higher level of economic development in general, which is similar to what has been reported in previous studies [16], [18], [19]. Moreover, economic growth shows a clear accelerating trend, while the growth in urbanization level increases in each 10% band by between 0% and 70%.

Similarly, urban infrastructure projects generate greater positive externalities in cities than in towns because they increase the productive capacity of households (through improved health and life expectancy) and the effective labour supply, which enable higher economic growth.

Answer: Commerce expanded within countries as well,with different kinds of goods being traded. The growth of trade also saw the growth of cities in the three countries. People traveled more between cities, leading to an exchange and spread of new ideas, inventions and technologies.