The evidence of the existence of particles in matter and their motion comes from the experiments on diffusion i.e. mixing of different substances on their own and Brownian motion. The zig-zag movement of the small particles suspended in a liquid or gas is called Brownian motion.

Because the atoms in a solid are so tightly packed, solid matter holds its shape and cannot be easily compressed. Solids also have a definite volume. Your pencil is an example of solid matter. In a liquid, the atoms are spaced farther apart and move faster.

When we pump air into a balloon, it visibly inflates. That means that gaseous matter is filling the balloon and taking up space. Therefore, we can observe the way gas moves around space. In the same way, inflatable pool toys also fill with air so that they can float on water.

At its freezing temperature(Liquid–>Solid), the particles of a liquid are moving so slowly that they begin to form regular patterns. Condensation (Gas–>Liquid),Occurs when particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid.

However, atoms move at different speeds within different states of matter. That’s because atoms in solids are tightly packed, and there is less space to move around freely. The atoms in gas move the fastest. Since the atoms move more freely in liquids and gases, they can undergo a process called diffusion.

Do all atoms at a precise temperature (say 30°C ) have the same speed, no matter the material? No. – The velocity of an individual atom at a given instant is random, from zero to around the speed of sound in that material. However, the average velocity of a large group of atoms is determined by the temperature.

Phases of matter

helium

Heat is a form of energy. The heat energy from the water makes the water molecules in the hot water move faster than the water molecules in the cold water.

A decrease in temperature caused the water molecules to lose energy and slow down, which results in water molecules that are closer together and a decrease in water volume. When water is heated, it expands, or increases in volume. As water cools, it contracts and decreases in volume.

When water is heated, it evaporates. The molecules move and vibrate so quickly that they escape into the atmosphere as molecules of water vapor. Evaporation is a very important part of the water cycle. Heat from the sun, or solar energy, powers the evaporation process.

Molecules in a liquid have enough energy to move around and pass each other. Warm water has more energy than cold water, which means that molecules in warm water move faster than molecules in cold water.

It’s important that the water be as close to boiling and the outside air be as cold as possible. The effect is less spectacular or won’t work if the water temperature drops below 200 degrees or if the air temperature climbs above -25 degrees.

A study of tiny glass beads suggests that the Mpemba effect is real. Sometimes hot water can freeze faster than cold. A new experiment based on tiny glass beads may help explain why.

It’s a small but very real frustration: you want a chilled drink, but you open the freezer only to see nothing but empty ice trays. Fortunately, there’s a simple way to make ice cubes quickly—use hot water. Yup, you read that correctly. Hot water freezes more rapidly than cold.

Need ice more quickly? The easiest way to do this is to reduce the freezer’s temperature. Ideally, freezers should be set to between 0 and 5 degrees Fahrenheit (-18 to -15 C). When the freezer is colder, the ice freezes faster and the ice cube tray thermostat reaches its set temperature.

The answer: start with hot water, not cold. The reason: hot water holds less dissolved air than cold water. Those bubbles in the center of an ice cube come from air dissolved in the water.

Is it quicker to freeze your ice cube tray using hot or cold water? Common sense tells us to opt for cold water, since it’s closer in temperature to what you need for water to be frozen. Hate to break it to you, but that’s actually false. You’re going to want to fill those ice cube trays with hot water instead.

How to make clear ice: a tutorial

1. Step 1: Freeze warm water in a cooler for 18 to 24 hours.
2. Step 2: Remove the ice from the cooler.
3. Step 3: Cut the ice into cubes with a serrated knife.
4. Step 3: Shape the clear ice chunks with an ice pick (optional).
5. Step 4: Store the clear ice.

The short answer: Cloudy ice is caused by gases (mainly nitrogen and oxygen) dissolved in the water that come out of solution when the water freezes. The small bubbles trapped in the ice cause the white appearance. Boiling the water removes the air dissolved in it, producing clear ice as a result.

When you add the ice cube to the boiling water, you very quickly cool off the boiling water which will cause the water to stop boiling. It will then take some time for the heat from the burner to heat the water back up to boiling.

Only a small amount of fog is visible in the air around a piece of dry ice. However, if you drop dry ice in water, especially hot water, the effect is magnified. The carbon dioxide forms bubbles of cold gas in the water.

90 to 120 minutes

Molecules In Water As we know, ice is colder than room temperature water. When ice is placed in a glass of water whose molecules are moving at a greater rate, the ice begins to absorb energy, because heat always travels from regions of relative warmth to colder areas in order to equalize temperatures.

Read this answer and compare it to your own. Ice is at a temperature of 0 °C; the surroundings are at about 20 °C. For ice to melt, it must gain energy from the surroundings. Energy can be transferred (move) from the surroundings to the ice by conduction through the metal or plastic.

As temperature drops, steam turns into liquid, then ice At 100 °C, the steam condenses and turns into liquid water.

Liquid water can be hotter than 100 °C (212 °F) and colder than 0 °C (32 °F). Heating water above its boiling point without boiling is called superheating. Water that is very pure, free of air bubbles, and in a smooth container may superheat and then explosively boil when it’s disturbed.

This means that to convert 1 g of water at 100 ºC to 1 g of steam at 100 ºC, 2260 J of heat must be absorbed by the water. Conversely, when 1 g of steam at 100 ºC condenses to give 1 g of water at 100 ºC, 2260 J of heat will be released to the surroundings.

Steam is hotter than boiling water because steam gets some extra heat i.e latent heat (the amount of heat require to change its state . In this case change state from liquid to gaseous state known as latent heat of vaporisation without raise in temperature) even both have same temperature.

Steaming is faster than boiling. Steaming is far more energy- and time-efficient than boiling. boiling because most of you are wasting your time, waiting for a big pot of water to boil while your hungry family sits growing more famished.