The orthopraxy of Islam is a declaration of faith: the statement that there is no God but God; that Muhammad is the messenger of God; the five-time daily prayer; the giving of alms, typically 2.5 percent of one’s income or assets; the fasting of the month of Ramadan; and the going to pilgrimage, or hajj, once in one’s …

The Five Pillars are the core beliefs and practices of Islam:

• Profession of Faith (shahada). The belief that “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God” is central to Islam.
• Prayer (salat).
• Alms (zakat).
• Fasting (sawm).
• Pilgrimage (hajj).

Networks of trade and bureaucracy. The Mughals were a Muslim dynasty who ruled over a majority Hindu population. The Mughals had built their empire by making good use of India’s resources, developing its production capacity, and supporting a very rich Muslim-dominated trade system in the Indian Ocean.

What were some good things about living under Muslim rule in the 8th and 9th centuries? Life was organized, and math, science, and medicine were advanced. The economy flourished with the gold trade from Africa, so people became rich. The new methods of irrigation Muslims taught people kept the land productive.

Islam spread through military conquest, trade, pilgrimage, and missionaries.

The spread of Islam was initially driven by increasing trade links outside of the archipelago. Traders and the royalty of major kingdoms were usually the first to convert to Islam. Dominant kingdoms included Mataram in Central Java, and the sultanates of Ternate and Tidore in the Maluku Islands to the east.

Islam in Indonesia is considered to have gradually spread through merchant activities by Arab Muslim traders, adoption by local rulers and the influence of Sufism since the 13th century. During the late colonial era, it was adopted as a rallying banner against colonialism.

Hinduism in Indonesia, as of the 2018 census, is practised by about 1.74% of the total population, and almost 87% of the population in Bali. Hinduism is one of the six official religions of Indonesia….Official Census (2010)

The major religion in Bangladesh is Islam (90.4%), but a significant percentage of the population adheres to Hinduism (8.5%) as per the 2011 census ; other religious groups include Buddhists 0.6%, (mostly Theravada), Christians (0.3%, mostly Roman Catholics), and Animists (0.2%).

Bangladeshi food: Traditional dishes to try

• Pitha – rice cakes.
• Bortha – mashed vegetables and fish.
• Biryani.
• Phuchka or Fucsa – Pani puri.
• Samosa and shingara.
• Bangladesh breads.
• Curry.
• Fried fish.