Both the chloroplast and the mitochondrion are organelles found in the cells of plants, but only mitochondria are found in animal cells. The function of chloroplasts and mitochondria is to generate energy for the cells in which they live. The structure of both organelle types includes an inner and an outer membrane.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to one another in that: a) both convert the energy of the sugar into ATP for use by the cell.

The inner membrane folds over many times and creates layered structures called cristae. The folding of the inner membrane increases the surface area inside the organelle. Since many of the chemical reactions happen on the inner membrane, the increased surface area creates more space for reactions to occur.

All cells have an outer plasma membrane that regulates not only what enters the cell, but also how much of any given substance comes in. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells also possess internal membranes that encase their organelles and control the exchange of essential cell components.

Avoid Room Temperature: There’s a good reason why the rule of thumb is to “keep cold foods cold and hot foods hot.” Bacteria multiply rapidly between 40 degrees Fahrenheit and 140 degrees F. So it’s best to keep hot cooked food at 140 degrees or higher, and cold cooked food at 40 degrees or lower.

4.6-7.0

Lowered water activity and pH are not kill steps. They do not eliminate microorganisms. They simply prevent growth of microbes to toxic levels. Under these conditions, a water activity of 0.92 and a pH of 4.6 or greater is considered safe.

Describe at least two common characteristics of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Both organelles are involved in energy transformation, mitochondria in cellular respiration and chloroplasts in photosynthesis. They are both composed of two or more separate membranes.

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA and ribosomes. Ribosomes from organisms of the three domains have the same number of protein subunits. All ribosomes are of the same size. Ribosomes from organisms of the three domains contain proteins and rRNA and catalyze protein synthesis.

describe two common characteristics of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Both organelles are involved in energy transformation, mitochondria in cellular respiration and chloroplasts in photosynthesis. They both have multiple membranes that separate their interiors into compartments.

The mitochondrial membrane and thylakoids membranes have a couple things in common: Both membranes contain ATP Synthase Proteins.

The mitochondria, termed the “powerhouse” of the cell, works with other cellular organelles by providing them with the major form of energy know as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP allows other cellular organelles to function properly maintaing the integrity of the cell.

There are two types of ribosomes, free and fixed (also known as membrane bound). They are identical in structure but differ in locations within the cell. Free ribosomes are located in the cytosol and are able to move throughout the cell, whereas fixed ribosomes are attached to the rER.

Explanation: Ribosomes are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum, creating rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes, while in prokaryotes ribosomes are distributed in the matrix of cell. Both types of ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

70S Ribosomes The “S” stands for svedbergs, a unit used to measure how fast molecules move in a centrifuge.

A Svedberg unit (symbol S, sometimes Sv) is a non-SI metric unit for sedimentation coefficients. The Svedberg unit offers a measure of a particle’s size indirectly based on its sedimentation rate under acceleration (i.e. how fast a particle of given size and shape settles to the bottom of a solution).

10−13 seconds