 The Main Endogenic Processes are Folding and Faulting (or tectonic movements).  The Subsequent Endogenic Processes are Volcanism, Metamorphism, and Earthquakes.  Endogenic processes cause many major landform features.

Geologic hazards phenomena can occur suddenly, or slowly….Geohazards

• Earthquakes – Liquefaction (soils), Tsunamis.
• Volcanic Eruptions – Lava Flows, Ash Fall, Lahars.
• Landslides – Rock Falls or Slides, Debris Flows, Mud Flows.
• Floods – Inundation, Erosion.
• Snow Avalanches.
• Sand Blasting (Windblown)

A geohazard is defined as a natural or man-made phenomenon capable of causing serious damage to civil engineering structures. Examples of geohazards include landslides, debris flows, avalanches, rockfalls, earth fissures, earthquakes, sinkholes, tsunamis, subsidence, volcanoes, lahars, and hydrothermal activity.

Types of geohazard

• landslides.
• earthquakes.
• tsunamis.
• volcanoes.
• lahars.
• hydrothermal eruptions.

Subsurface Conditions and Subsidence Investigations

• Shrink/Swell Clays. These materials rise and fall with a change in their moisture content and have the potential to destroy even multi-story buildings due to differential foundation movements.
• Organic-Laden Soils.
• Buried Debris.
• Sinkholes.

Mitigation and Prevention are used as synonyms. The term Mitigation can be comprised in the term Prevention. Mitigation means to reduce the severity of the human and material damage caused by the disaster. Prevention is to ensure that human action or natural phenomena do not result in disaster or emergency.

Other examples of mitigation measures include:

• Hazard mapping.
• Adoption and enforcement of land use and zoning practices.
• Implementing and enforcing building codes.
• Flood plain mapping.
• Reinforced tornado safe rooms.
• Burying of electrical cables to prevent ice build-up.
• Raising of homes in flood-prone areas.

A mitigation action is a specific action, project, activity, or process taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from hazards and their impacts.

During a Hurricane or Typhoon

• Listen to the radio or TV for information and keep your weather radio handy.
• Secure your home, close storm shutters and secure outdoor objects or bring them indoors.
• Turn off utilities if instructed to do so.
• Turn off propane tanks.
• Avoid using the phone, except for serious emergencies.

Before the typhoon Bring in outdoor plants and other objects that could be blown away by heavy winds. Ensure that larger objects — bicycles, laundry poles, etc. — are secure. Close exterior shutters and, if you don’t have them, make sure to close your windows and avoid sleeping near glass ones.