These are known as the ethmoid bone, the vomer bone, the maxillary bone, and the palatine bone. A nasal fracture is a break in one of the nasal bones or in one or more of the bones that make up the nasal septum.

You can usually treat a broken nose yourself. It should start getting better within 3 days and be fully healed within 3 weeks.

A thin tube called an endoscope is thread through your nose and sinuses. This gives your surgeon access to parts of your brain that would be hard to reach using traditional surgical approaches and often require large incisions and removal of parts of the skull.

It is important to remove these because they are the first part of the body to decompose. The heart is not taken out of the body because it is the centre of intelligence and feeling and the man will need it in the afterlife. A long hook is used to smash the brain and pull it out through the nose.

The brain was removed by carefully inserting special hooked instruments up through the nostrils in order to pull out bits of brain tissue. It was a delicate operation, one which could easily disfigure the face.

heart

the Field of Reeds

Appeasing the gods, preserving the body and providing funerary equipment ensured admission into the afterlife. The journey to the afterlife is described in the Book of the Dead, a funerary text used for over 1500 years between c. 1600 BC and 100 AD, known to the Ancient Egyptians as the ‘Spells of Coming Forth by Day’.

When they died, they were mummified so the soul would return to the body, giving it breath and life. Household equipment and food and drink were placed on offering tables outside the tomb’s burial chamber to provide for the person’s needs in the afterworld.

The journey to the afterlife was long, and so Egyptians were buried with food, water and wine to help them on their travels. In Tutankhamun’s tomb, archaeologists found thirty six jars of vintage wine and eight baskets of fruit.

Used to bury leaders and wealthy residents in ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece, a sarcophagus is a coffin or a container to hold a coffin.

Gold was the most precious metal, as Ancient Egyptians believed it to be the flesh of their Sun God Ra. Amulets were wrapped in the layers of bandages. They were like lucky charms to protect the deceased person in the afterlife. Scarab beetle amulets were very special as they were a symbol of rebirth and regeneration.

Mummy cases were New Kingdom boxes that fit between the mummy and the coffin. They were made in two styles: a box and lid like a coffin, or a box with doors in the back that laced closed. Mummy cases were made of cartonnage, a lightweight material made from waste papyrus and linen covered in plaster.

On Saturday, October 3, archaeologists from Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities opened a sealed, roughly 2,600-year-old sarcophagus as a crowd of onlookers watched in anticipation. More may follow, said tourism and antiquities minister Khaled al-Anani at the unveiling.

Many inquired if opening up the sealed mummies was a good idea in 2020. This is in line with the popular belief that opening up of tombs or coffins may bring bad luck. The news became a sensation when Lord Carnarvon, the sponsor of the excavation, died of blood poisoning soon after the coffin was opened.

We all know Egyptian mummies are old. However, the generally accepted belief was that the oldest among them stretched back a paltry 4,500 years. Now, thanks to the scientific technique of chromatography, researchers believe that they may in fact be a whopping 2,000 years older than that!

The ancient Egyptian practice of preserving bodies through mummification is no longer the preferred method to pay homage to our dead, but it is still alive and well in research labs. In turn, these 21^st century mummies are producing new insights about their ancient forebears.

The first mummy to be wrapped up comes from the Chinchorro culture of South America, in the area of southern Peru and northern Chile. The oldest of these mummies was a person who died in 5050 BC, over 7,000 years ago. These Chinchorro mummies are 2,000 years older than the mummies in ancient Egypt!

tomb in the Valley of the Kings

Tutankhamun was buried in three layers of coffin, one of which was hewn from solid gold. That single coffin is estimated to be worth well over $1.2 million (€1.1m) and he was buried with an assortment of chariots, thrones and jewelry.

the Grand Egyptian Museum

In the 8th century BCE, he noted, Kushite rulers were crowned as Kings of Egypt, ruling a combined Nubian and Egyptian kingdom as pharaohs of Egypt’s 25th Dynasty. Those Kushite kings are commonly referred to as the “Black Pharaohs” in both scholarly and popular publications.

Mainstream scholars reject the notion that Egypt was a white or black civilization; they maintain that, despite the phenotypic diversity of Ancient and present-day Egyptians, applying modern notions of black or white races to ancient Egypt is anachronistic.

King Piankhi is considered the first African Pharaoh to rule Egypt from 730 BC to 656 BC. Almost 75 years.

From about 760 B.C. to 650 B.C., five Kushite pharaohs ruled all of Egypt from Nubia to the Mediterranean Sea, embarking on ambitious building programs up and down the Nile and reviving the religious practices of a much earlier Egyptian empire—including the construction of pyramids, which they buried their kings under.

The skin color of the Nubian men ranges from dark red to brown to black; skin tones for some of the women are lighter.