pair annihilation

An electron can never be created on its own. Or it takes its charge from other particles, or a positron is created at the same time. Likewise, an electron can’t be destroyed without another equally, but oppositely, charged particle being created. When the electron is isolated, it can never be destroyed.

When an electron drops down an energy level, for example, it can release a photon of that energy. That’s fluorescence, for example. The energy released, and therefore the energy (and wavelength) of the photon, depends (in this case) on the energy levels, and electrons can release photons up into the X-ray band.

From what we can tell, electrons aren’t made of anything smaller, but protons and neutrons can be broken down further into quarks. because they can’t be broken down any further, quarks and electrons are referred to as “fundamental particles”.

Electrons can be created through beta decay of radioactive isotopes and in high-energy collisions, for instance when cosmic rays enter the atmosphere. The antiparticle of the electron is called the positron; it is identical to the electron except that it carries electrical charge of the opposite sign.

A lot of this has to do with the idea that matter and energy are essentially the same and that when you ‘destroy’ an atom you simply release the energy which binds the particles which form the atom together and in doing so you will see the atom turn into a bunch of particles and a burst of energy, all of which could …

In a chemical reaction, the atoms and molecules that interact with each other are called reactants. In a chemical reaction, reactants contact each other, bonds between atoms in the reactants are broken, and atoms rearrange and form new bonds to make the products.

A calculation shows that the electron is traveling at about 2,200 kilometers per second. That’s less than 1% of the speed of light, but it’s fast enough to get it around the Earth in just over 18 seconds. Read up on what happens when nothing can go faster than the speed of light.

When two or more atoms are joined together chemically then a molecule is formed. The combination of atoms that are of two or different elements forms a compound. Every compound is a molecule but not every molecule is a compound. The compound water is formed when one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms combine.

When atoms combine, they share their outermost electrons to create more sustainable energy states. This sharing bonds the atoms into an ionic structure or a molecule.

Covalent Bonds Chemical bonds are the forces of attraction that tie atoms together. Bonds are formed when valence electrons, the electrons in the outermost electronic “shell” of an atom, interact. The nature of the interaction between the atoms depends on their relative electronegativity.

The atom that has lost an electron becomes a positively charged ion (called a cation), while the atom that picks up the extra electron becomes a negatively charged ion (called an anion).

Forming an Ion This electron exchange results in an electrostatic attraction between the two atoms called an ionic bond. An atom that loses one or more valence electrons to become a positively charged ion is known as a cation, while an atom that gains electrons and becomes negatively charged is known as an anion.

The Significance of “8” in Chemistry The rule of 8 or the Octet rule is the tendency of atoms to have eight electrons in their valence shell. Eight electrons in this final shell allow atoms to be stable and non-reactive. Atoms tend to be reactive when their valence shell (or outermost shell) is incomplete.

The double bond rule states that chemical elements with a principal quantum number greater than 2 for their valence electrons (period 3 elements and lower) tend not to form multiple bonds (e.g. double bonds and triple bonds) with themselves or with other elements.

Answer: Chlorine does not make double bonds.

A carbon–carbon bond is a covalent bond between two carbon atoms. Carbon atoms can also form double bonds in compounds called alkenes or triple bonds in compounds called alkynes. A double bond is formed with an sp2-hybridized orbital and a p-orbital that is not involved in the hybridization.

Boron joins carbon and nitrogen as one of the few elements in the periodic table known to form stable compounds featuring triple bonds.

Covalent bond

The bond length depends on the strength of the bond. The stronger the bond is, the shorter it will be. The triple bonds are the strongest and hence the shortest. Finally, single bonds are the longest among the three.

Bond Strength We say that the bond between the two oxygen atoms is stronger than the bond between two hydrogen atoms. Experiments have shown that double bonds are stronger than single bonds, and triple bonds are stronger than double bonds.

ionic bond

Thus, we will think of these bonds in the following order (strongest to weakest): Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen, and van der Waals.

Re: Triple Bonds Shorter than Double Bonds The additional electrons involved in a triple bond exert greater attractive forces on the nuclei, thereby shortening the length of the bond.

A shorter bond length implies a stronger bond in general. Atoms that are closer together are more closely bound to each other and there is a weak bond between those that are further apart. The tighter a bond, the higher the energy needed to break it.