Stauffer’s syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic effect of renal cell carcinoma causing hepatosplenomegaly and a cholestatic type liver enzyme derangement. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood with the most accepted theory being tumour overexpression of cytokines.

Stauffer Syndrome (SS) is a paraneoplastic disorder associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). First described by Herbert Maurice Stauffer in 1961, it is characterized by hepatic dysfunction in the absence of metastasis, and elevated alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases and prolonged prothrombin time.

Hypercalcemia is the most common of the paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with RCC and of those with hypercalcemia and RCC, approximately 75% have high-stage lesions.

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a type of progressive kidney failure seen in people with severe liver damage, most often caused by cirrhosis. As the kidneys stop functioning, toxins begin to build up in the body. Eventually, this leads to liver failure.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy is recommended for kidney cancer patients whose cancer has spread to other tissue (metastatic). The goal of cytoreductive surgery is to remove as many cancer cells as possible. To do this, it may be necessary to remove surrounding organs as well.

Based on the current evidence, cigarette smoking, obesity, and hypertension are the most well-established risk factors for sporadic RCC worldwide. Acquired cystic kidney disease is also a significant risk factor, specifically in dialysis patients.

Hypercalcemia in patients with renal cell carcinoma frequently mimics primary hyperparathyroidism and has been attributed to tumor secretion of parathyroid hormone related protein.