In plants, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, which contain the chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane and contain a third inner membrane, called the thylakoid membrane, that forms long folds within the organelle.

cell wall

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide and makes up about 30% of the plant cell wall, which serves many functions including: connecting cells to form tissues. signaling cells to grow and divide. controlling the shape of plant cells.

Cellulose is synthesized by the enzyme cellulose synthase, a membrane protein that catalyzes the direct polymerization of glucose from the substrate UDP-glucose into a cellulose product. Genes for cellulose synthases have been identified from many bacteria, Dictyostelium discoideum, and higher plants.

Plasmolysis is the shrinking of the cytoplasm of a plant cell in response to diffusion of water out of the cell and into a high salt concentration solution. During plasmolysis, the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall. This does not happen in low salt concentration because of the rigid cell wall.

Protoplasm is defined as the organic and inorganic substances that constitute the living the nucleus, cytoplasm, plastids and mitochondria of the cell.

Nucleoid is the undefined nuclear region containing only nucleic acids, in the prokaryotic cells. It is not bounded by a nuclear membrane and lies in direct contact with the cytoplasm.

Phagocytosis is the process of digestion of solid substances by cells. In this process, the cell surrounds the particle and engulfs it. The foreign particle is destroyed and its contents broken down. This process is used for ingestion or for destroying the foreign particle or pathogen.

The main types of phagocytes are monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, tissue dendritic cells, and mast cells. Other cells, such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts, may also engage in phagocytosis, but lack receptors to detect opsonized pathogens and are not primarily immune system cells.

Phagocytes include white blood cells of the immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells. Dendritic cells (i.e. antigen-presenting cells) are also capable of phagocytosis. In fact, they are called professional phagocytes because they are effective at it.

Phagocytosis, process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles. The phagocyte may be a free-living one-celled organism, such as an amoeba, or one of the body cells, such as a white blood cell.

In a multicellular organism’s immune system, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. The ingested material is then digested in the phagosome. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytized.

Surface phagocytosis may be an important pre-antibody defense mechanism which determines whether an infection will become a disease and how severe the disease will become.

Phagocytes can ingest microbial pathogens, but importantly also apoptotic cells. In this way, they contribute to the clearance of billions of cells that are turned over every day. Thus phagocytosis becomes essential not only for microbial elimination, but also for tissue homeostasis.

Phagocytosis of sperm means breakdown of digestion of the sperm by various enzymes.

Phagocytes Synonyms – WordHippo Thesaurus….What is another word for phagocytes?

: incorporation of substances into a cell by phagocytosis or pinocytosis.

Endocytosis is a type of active transport that moves particles, such as large molecules, parts of cells, and even whole cells, into a cell. Phagocytosis is the process by which large particles, such as cells, are taken in by a cell.

Macrophages are formed through the differentiation of monocytes, one of the major groups of white blood cells of the immune system. When there is tissue damage or infection, the monocytes leave the bloodstream and enter the affected tissue or organ and undergo a series of changes to become macrophages.

Abstract. Macrophages play a central role in guiding proper organ and tissue development, physiological healing, and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Further, they are one of the major cell components of the inflammatory response.