At the age of ten he knew the Qur’an by heart. Before he was sixteen, he had mastered physics, mathematics, logic, and metaphysics and began the study and practice of medicine.

Ibn Sina, known in the West as Avicenna, was the most famous and influential of all the Islamic philosopher-scientists. His most important medical works are the Canon of Medicine medical encyclopedia and a treatise on cardiac drugs.

Abu Ali Al-Hussein Ibn Abdullah Ibn Sina, known in the West as Avicenna, was one of the most eminent Muslim physicians and philosophers of his days whose influence on Islamic and European medicine persisted for centuries. He was named by his students and followers as “Al Shaikh Al Ra’ees” or the master wise man.

Avicenna was fond of wine, and, on being reproached for his defiance of the Koran, replied: “Wine is forbidden because it excites quarrels and bad passions, but I, being preserved from excesses by my philosophy, drink wine to sharpen my wits.” Quaffing it off, to my surprise, he drank my health.

Janssens demonstrated that Avicenna was a Sunni Hanafi. Avicenna said at an early age that he remained “unconvinced” by Ismaili missionary attempts to convert him. However, the 14th century Shia faqih Nurullah Shushtari according to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, claimed he was a Twelver Shia.

Janssens demonstrated that Avicenna was a Sunni Hanafi. Avicenna studied Hanafi law, many of his notable teachers were Hanafi jurists, and he served under the Hanafi court of Ali ibn Mamun. Avicenna said at an early age that he remained “unconvinced” by Ismaili missionary attempts to convert him.

He was particularly noted for his contributions in the fields of Aristotelian philosophy and medicine. He composed the Kitāb al-shifāʾ (Book of the Cure), a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia, and Al-Qānūn fī al-ṭibb (The Canon of Medicine), which is among the most famous books in the history of medicine.

August 980 AD

Born in Afshana in what is now Afghanistan, Ibn Sina (whose full name was Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Abd-Allah ibn Sina) was raised in Bukhara, now part of Uzbekistan. He displayed an early talent as a student, and at the age of 10 had already read the entire Koran.

Afshona, Uzbekistan

The author of more than 100 books and treatises, his philosophical works include numerous commentaries on Aristotle, for which he was known in the western world as The Commentator and Father of rationalism. Ibn Rushd also served as a chief judge and a court physician for the Almohad Caliphate.

Ibn Rushd (Averroes) (1126—1198) From such bleak circumstances emerged the Spanish-Muslim philosophers, of which the jurist and physician Ibn Rushd came to be regarded as the final and most influential Muslim philosopher, especially to those who inherited the tradition of Muslim philosophy in the West.

Ibn Rushd (the grandfather) was a hugely important Islamic scholar. He is well respected and loved by Muslims. Ibn Rushd (the grandson, also a philosopher) is not considered to be a Muslim by Islamic theologians.

field of philosophy

Francis Bacon exemplifies this concept in his book The Advancement of Learning arguing that the fact that revelation was contrary to reason is what gave value to faith.

Ibn Khaldun, 8th century Tunisian historian. The Berber people had a particularly interesting role to play in the Maghreb. They alternately resisted and accepted new beliefs and political regimes, and yet remained ethnically a coherent group.

Prologue

mother

For women, the patronym consists of the title binti (from the Arabic بنت, meaning ‘daughter of’) followed by her father’s name. Thus, if Musa has a daughter called Aisyah, Aisyah will be known as Aisyah binti Musa. Upon marriage, a woman does not change her name, as is done in many cultures.

In both countries Mohammed or Mohamed also rank high on the list of most used surnames. In Lebanon, Khoury is the most popular surname.

When it was established on September 16, 1963, Malaysia comprised the territories of Malaya (now Peninsular Malaysia), the island of Singapore, and the colonies of Sarawak and Sabah in northern Borneo. In August 1965 Singapore seceded from the federation and became an independent republic.

A submission from Philippines says the name Sitti means “Beautiful, Smart, Strong,” and is of Arabic origin. A submission from Philippines says the name Sitti means “Princess”.

User Submitted Meanings A submission from Indonesia says the name Siti means “Woman” and is of Arabic origin. A user from Singapore says the name Siti is of Islamic / Muslim origin and means “Respected person”.

Etymology. Kus is a Middle-Persian military term meaning, “march”.