Rawls’s theory of “justice as fairness” recommends equal basic rights, equality of opportunity and promoting the interests of the least advantaged members of society.

Rawls contends that the most rational choice for the parties in the original position are two principles of justice: The first guarantees the equal basic rights and liberties needed to secure the fundamental interests of free and equal citizens and to pursue a wide range of conceptions of the good.

I will discuss three theories of justice: Mill’s Utilitarianism, Rawls’s Justice as Fairness, and Nozick’s libertarianism. Much of my understanding of theories of justice comes from Business Ethics (Third Edition) by Willian H. Shaw.

Rawls uses the term “distributive justice” “in the narrow sense” (Rawls 2001: 61) to refer to the difference principle and the economic distribution of income, wealth, and economic powers. Still he emphasizes that the other principles have significant distributive effects.

The philosopher John Rawls aimed to identify fair governing principles by imagining people choosing their principles from behind a “veil of ignorance,” without knowing their places in the social order.

The original position (OP), often referred to as the veil of ignorance, is a thought experiment developed by American philosopher John Rawls to discover the principles that should structure a society of free, equal and moral people. Ideally, this would force participants to select principles impartially and rationally.

According to Rawl’s,talented and hard working poor children should have the same chances of success as the rich because every person has the same indefeasible claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic liberties by virtue of being a citizen and also social and economic inequalities have to satisfy the condition …

Explanation: Both Kant and Rawls emphasize the ethical importance of not privileging oneself. This similarity comes through in the best-known features of their ethical philosophies. If people know one thing about Kant’s ethics, it is his categorical imperative.

If you look closely at the price-gouging debate, you’ll notice that the arguments for and against price-gouging laws revolve around three ideas: maximizing welfare, respecting freedom, and promoting virtue. Each of these ideas points to a different way of thinking about justice.

Kant argued that the moral law is a truth of reason, and hence that all rational creatures are bound by the same moral law. Thus in answer to the question, “What should I do?” Kant replies that we should act rationally, in accordance with a universal moral law.

Virtue (Latin: virtus) is a moral excellence. A virtue is a trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting collective and individual greatness.

Values are useful, desirable behaviours that help define workplace culture. Virtues are measures of excellence or goodness and may be more important to individuals due to their personal nature.

Rawls contends that the most rational choice for the parties in the original position are two principles of justice: The first guarantees the equal basic rights and liberties needed to secure the fundamental interests of free and equal citizens and to pursue a wide range of conceptions of the goo

Libertarianism is often thought of as ‘right-wing’ doctrine This, however, is mistaken for at least two reasons First, on social—rather than economic—issues, libertarianism tends to be ‘left-wing’

Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, emphasizing free association, freedom of choice, individualism and voluntary association Libertarians share a skepticism of authority and state power, but some of them diverge on the scope of their opposition to existing economic and political systems

Libertarianism and utilitarianism are contrary to each other In utilitarianism, people believe that an action that produces happiness is what one should go Libertarians values actions that promote fairness and justice in the society unlike, the utilitarian actions that in some cases violates fairness and justic

When individuals are deciding what to do for themselves alone, they consider only their own utility For example, if you are choosing ice cream for yourself, the utilitarian view is that you should choose the flavor that will give you the most pleasure