Strayer and Johnston (2001) suggest that telephone conversations reduce the amount of attention which can be devoted to the driving task, thus impairing performance. This is inferred from the fact that peripheral factors, such as motor interference from holding the phone, can be ruled out.

schema

What did a study by Strayer and Johnston (2001) regarding the effects of attention on driving conclude? Driving and listening to the radio increases the chance of missing traffic signals.

Summary: Motorists are more accident-prone and slower to react when they talk on cellular telephones – even hands-free models – because “inattention blindness” makes the drivers less able to process visual information, University of Utah researchers found.

Broadbent’s Filter Model Broadbent (1958) proposed that physical characteristics of messages are used to select one message for further processing and that all others are lost. Information from all of the stimuli presented at any given time enters an unlimited capacity sensory buffer.

Q: Broadbent’s model is called an early selection model because why? Attenuation theory of attention: The analysis of the message proceeds only as far as is necessary to identify the attended message. Final oujtput is determined in the second stage when the message is analyzed by the dictionary unit.

Early selection models emphasize physical features of stimuli are attended to, while late selection models argue that semantic features are what determine our current focus of attention. These selection models are utilized by researchers to propose when stimulus information is attended to.

Load Theory (Lavie, 1995, 2005) states that the level of perceptual load in a task (i.e., the amount of information involved in processing task-relevant stimuli) determines the efficiency of selective attention. The current study is the first to assess the effect of perceptual load on eyewitness memory.

: the act or process of attenuating something or the state of being attenuated: such as. a : a lessening in amount, force, magnitude, or value : weakening Sound can travel thousands of kilometers in this planar acoustic waveguide with little attenuation.—

Attenuation is the reduction in power of the light signal as it is transmitted. Attenuation is caused by passive media components, such as cables, cable splices, and connectors. An efficient optical data link must have enough light available to overcome attenuation. Dispersion is the spreading of the signal over time.

Calculating Attenuation

1. Attenuation = 100 % * (starting extract – current extract) / (starting extract)
2. Attenuation = 100 % * (starting gravity – current gravity) / (starting gravity – 1)
3. real extract = 0.1808 * original extract + 0.8192 * apparent extract.

Prophylactic: A preventive measure. The word comes from the Greek for “an advance guard,” an apt term for a measure taken to fend off a disease or another unwanted consequence. A prophylactic is a medication or a treatment designed and used to prevent a disease from occurring.

A prophylactic is a medication or a treatment designed and used to prevent a disease from occurring. For example, prophylactic antibiotics may be used after a bout of rheumatic fever to prevent the subsequent development of Sydenham’s chorea.

Condoms serve both as a contraceptive and as a prophylactic, are readily available without prescription; are inexpensive, require no prior planning; and are easy to use.

Prophylactic antibiotics should be initiated within one hour before surgical incision, or within two hours if the patient is receiving vancomycin or fluoroquinolones. Patients should receive prophylactic antibiotics appropriate for their specific procedure.

Antimicrobial prophylaxis is commonly used by clinicians for the prevention of numerous infectious diseases, including herpes simplex infection, rheumatic fever, recurrent cellulitis, meningococcal disease, recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with …