*Stores enzymes. Digests molecules, old organelles and foreign substances. The rough endoplasmic reticulum exports proteins and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum breaks down toxic substances, and synthesizes steroids.

​Lysosome. A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes.

Other organelles like lysosomes are responsible for digesting and recycling toxic substances and waste. They are embedded with proteins called enzymes, which break down macromolecules, including amino acids, carbohydrates, and phospholipids.

lysosomes

Examples of chromosomal abnormalities include Down syndrome, Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13, Klinefelter syndrome, XYY syndrome, Turner syndrome and triple X syndrome.

Examples of numerical disorders include trisomy, monosomy and triploidy. Probably one of the most well-known numerical disorders is Down syndrome (trisomy 21). [1][2] Other common types of numerical disorders include trisomy 13, trisomy 18, Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome.

In many cases, there is no treatment or cure for chromosomal abnormalities. However, genetic counseling, occupational therapy, physical therapy and medicines may be recommended.

Practice points. Ultrasound is a valuable tool in screening for fetal genetic syndromes. First-, second-, and third-trimester ultrasounds provide information on possible fetal abnormalities; however, routine second-trimester anatomy ultrasound is the most accurate at identifying structural abnormalities.

Noninvasive prenatal tests (NIPT) can screen for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and other chromosomal abnormalities—as well as the sex of your baby—as early as nine weeks into your pregnancy, and with a high degree of accuracy.