Enzymes are biological molecules (typically proteins) that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells. They are vital for life and serve a wide range of important functions in the body, such as aiding in digestion and metabolism.

37.5 oC

around 37°C

As with many chemical reactions, the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction increases as the temperature increases. However, at high temperatures the rate decreases again because the enzyme becomes denatured and can no longer function.

An increase in temperature typically increases the rate of reaction. An increase in temperature will raise the average kinetic energy of the reactant molecules. Therefore, a greater proportion of molecules will have the minimum energy necessary for an effective collision (Figure.

As temperature is increased the enzymes and substrate gain kinetic energy (move more quickly). This increases the frequency of collisions and the formation of enzyme-substrate complexes. Therefore as the temperature is increased the enzyme activity and the rate of reaction increases.

As temperature rises the resistance of this wire will increase. Therefore, according to the ohm’s law, the resistance is directly proportional to the emf in volts. therefore, increasing the temperature increase the resistance, their by increasing emf. Thus temperature affects the emf of in a direct way.

The emf produced by an electrochemical reaction will generally change with temperature. The free energy change can be found directly from the measured emf, while the entropy change can be found from the slope of the plot of the emf vs. the temperature.

The rate of the forward reaction is therefore reduced with an increase in temperature, and as ionisation is suppressed, the cell potential and so the voltage generated by the reaction decreases (I saw this somewhere, idk). Therefore, the voltage generated by the voltaic cell would decrease with temperature.

The relationship between emf and temperature for a certain (imaginary) thermocouple, is described by the relation: v = t2, where v is the generated thermocouple emf in microvolt (μV), and t the temperature difference in °C, between the hot junction and 0 °C.

If you can’t get the flame to light at all, and you’re sure the gas is on, there’s probably an obstruction in the pilot tube. If the flame lights and goes out when you release the gas control knob after holding it in for the recommended 20 to 30 seconds, that’s the sign of a thermocouple malfunction.

The thermocouple working principle is based on the Seeback Effect. This effect states that when a closed circuit is formed by jointing two dissimilar metals at two junctions, and junctions are maintained at different temperatures then an electromotive force (e.m.f.) is induced in this closed circuit.

A thermocouple is an electrical device consisting of two dissimilar electrical conductors forming an electrical junction. A thermocouple produces a temperature-dependent voltage as a result of Seebeck effect, and this voltage can be interpreted to measure temperature.

RTD Advantages and Disadvantages

Most RTDs are limited to a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. In contrast, certain thermocouples can be used to measure up to 2700 degrees Fahrenheit. RTDs are superior to thermocouples in that their readings are more accurate and more repeatable.

A thermistor is a temperature-sensitive resistor, whilst a thermocouple generates a voltage proportional to the temperature. Thermocouples can work at much higher temperatures than thermistors. They are commonly used for temperature control in heating systems.