Solids can be classified according to the nature of the bonding between their atomic or molecular components. Ionic bonding, which forms ionic solids. Metallic bonding, which forms metallic solids. Weak inter molecular bonding, which forms molecular solids (sometimes anomalously called “covalent solids”)

Chemical bonding importance in chemistry All the compounds ( both organic and inorganic ) are created with the help of chemical bonding . Chemical bonding helps to joining atoms or molecules together. It is also helps molecules of the same or different substance to get together through joining to each other .

There are three primary types of bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallic.

• Ionic bonding.
• Covalent bonding.
• Metallic bonding.

In a solid, the atoms are very attracted to one another. The atoms vibrate but stay in fixed positions because of their strong attractions for one another. A decrease in the motion of the atoms allows the attractions between atoms to bring them a little close together.

Molecular solids are held together by relatively weak forces, such as dipole–dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, and London dispersion forces. As a result, they tend to be rather soft and have low melting points, which depend on their molecular structure.

Secondary bonding can also take place through Permanent Dipoles on molecules. These bonds are directional.

Why form chemical bonds? The basic answer is that atoms are trying to reach the most stable (lowest-energy) state that they can. Many atoms become stable when their valence shell is filled with electrons or when they satisfy the octet rule (by having eight valence electrons).

The Proteins we need, Carbohydrates we eat are all result of chemical bonding between atoms. Gas we use in our car is a result of Chemical bonding. Oxygen ( O2 ) we breathe is a result of chemical bond. Medicines we need to cure ourselves are results of Chemical bonding between atoms.

Stronger bonds between atoms make them more difficult to separate and, in general, stronger chemical bonds result in greater hardness, higher melting and boiling points, and smaller coefficients of expansion. An ionic bond is the result of the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions.

The bonding takes place when each of the atoms of the metal contributes its valence electrons to the formation of an electron cloud that pervades the solid metal.

The strength of the bond depends on the ease with which one atom can influence the other. Molecules of inert gases which consists of single atoms, are held together by dispersion forces when the gases are solidified. In many organic solids the most important bonding forces between molecules are of this type.

Covalent Bond: The covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms rather than by transfer of electrons. Only a few solids are held together by covalent bonds. Covalent bonding alone is not sufficient to build three dimensional solids.

Secondary or Molecular Bonds: Molecular bonds are formed in case of those elements or compounds whose electron configuration is such that little transfer takes place between atoms. These bonds are formed as a result of weak van der Waals forces of attraction which exist between various atoms.