phenotype

A capital letter represents the dominant form of a gene (allele), and a lowercase letter is the abbreviation for the recessive form of the gene (allele). phenotype = the physical appearance of a trait in an organism.

A genotype refers to the genetic characteristics of an organism. A phenotype refers to the physical characteristics. For example, having blue eyes (an autosomal recessive trait) is a phenotype; lacking the gene for brown eyes is a genotype.

Although an individual gene may code for a specific physical trait, that gene can exist in different forms, or alleles. One allele for every gene in an organism is inherited from each of that organism’s parents. Alleles produce phenotypes (or physical versions of a trait) that are either dominant or recessive.

1, p. 142) of environmentally induced phenotypes or plastic responses. Plastic responses can be described by a “plasticity vector” that quantifies the change in mean phenotypic trait values between two environments, expressed as the distance between the multivariate phenotype means.

Canalized traits are phenotypically expressed only in particular environments or genetic backgrounds and become available for natural selection, a mechanism that can lead to the assimilation of novel traits.

Elastic Deformation: Elastic deformation is non-permanent. The substance can resume the initial state back. Plastic Deformation: Plastic deformation is permanent. The substance stays unchanged after removing the stress.

Main Text. Natural selection acts on phenotypes, yet evolution occurs at the level of genotypes. This suggests that plasticity may largely impede adaptive evolution. However, it has been posited that plasticity may facilitate or even promote adaptation in certain contexts.

The genotype codes for a mechanism that is able to express different phenotypes (organs, behaviors) in response to detectable and recurring changes in the environment. Tanning is a case in point. However, recent research in neuroscience, ecology and psychology has shown that phenotypic plasticity extends to behaviors.

Phenotypic plasticity has been defined as a change in the phenotype expressed by a single genotype in different environments. Bradshaw [10] recognized that phenotypic plasticity could itself be under genetic control and therefore subjected to selective pressure.

Many organisms have the ability to express different phenotypes in response to environmental conditions. Such phenotypic plasticity allows individual organisms to develop appropriate morphological, physiological, or behavioral traits that better fit a particular environment that they encounter.

Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of a genotype to express different phenotypes depending on the environment in which it resides. For example, genetically identical water flea (Daphnia) clones can differ in their morphology depending on whether reared in the absence or presence of a potential predator.

1. Which of the following is a direct example of phenotypic plasticity? The same tree producing different size fruit in different years, depending on the weather. Selecting trees over multiple generations for a mutation that produces larger fruit.

Humans have been reported to exhibit phenotypic plasticity in sperm allocation depending on variation in socio-sexual situations.