ionization

Atoms are comprised of a nucleus of protons and neutrons, which can be thought of as surrounded by a cloud of orbiting electrons. When one (or more) electron is stripped off or added to the atom, it is no longer electrically neutral and an ion is formed; the atom is said to be ionised.

The term ionization refers to the use of heat, electricity, chemicals, discharge or radiation to transform atoms that are neutral into atoms with either a positive or negative electric charge.

If we remove an electron from a stable atom, the atom becomes electrically incomplete/unbalanced. That is, there are more protons in the nucleus (positive charges) than there are electrons (negative charges). With an electron removed, the atom possesses a plus one charge, therefore it is a positive ion.

Atoms lose energy when they change from solid to liquid or gas and quid to gas.

Explanation: During freezing, atoms lose energy. In this process, the molecules lose heat energy and they cool down.

Explanation: Atoms lose energy as a gas changes to a solid. Atoms gain energy as a solid changes to a liquid. If atoms energy during a change of state, they are pulled together by attractive forces and become more organized.

Physical change is a change that does not affect the chemical composition of a substance but it changes the physical appearance like size or shape of the substance. For example, crushing a can, melting of ice, breaking a glass etc represents the physical change.

This process is called condensation. reversed if the liquid is cooled. The change from the liquid state to the solid state is called freezing. As the liquid cools, it loses thermal energy.

During a change of state, a substance must gain energy from the environment or lose energy to the environment but the total amount of energy is conserved. Removing enough energy from a gas causes a gas to change into a liquid or a solid. Adding enough energy to a liquid or a solid causes it to change into a gas.

Energy is required to change from solid to liquid, liquid to gas (evaporation), or solid to gas (sublimation). Heat is taken from your skin to evaporate the water on your body. Evaporation is a cooling process. Latent heat of condensation is energy released when water vapor condenses to form liquid droplets.

evaporation

But that’s not even half right. There are at least six: solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, Bose-Einstein condensates, and a new form of matter called “fermionic condensates” just discovered by NASA-supported researchers.

The seven states of matter that I am investigating are Solids, Liquids, Gases, Ionized Plasma, Quark-Gluon Plasma, Bose-Einstein Condensate and Fermionic Condensate. Solid Definition – Chemistry Glossary Definition of Solid.

Ionization, in chemistry and physics, any process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are converted to electrically charged atoms or molecules (ions). Ionization is one of the principal ways that radiation, such as charged particles and X rays, transfers its energy to matter.

When electrons are added to an atom, the increased negative charge puts stress on the electrons already there, causing energy to be released. When electrons are removed from an atom, that process requires energy to pull the electron away from the nucleus. Addition of an electron releases energy from the process.

RADIATION QUANTITIES AND UNITS Direct ionizing particles are charged particles, such as electrons, protons, and alpha particles, having sufficient kinetic energy to produce ionization by collision. The amount of energy imparted, or deposited, by the radiation is referred to as the absorbed dose.

When referred to an atom, “fully ionized” means that there are no bound electrons left, resulting in a bare nucleus. A particular case of fully ionized gases are very hot thermonuclear plasmas, such as plasmas artificially produced in nuclear explosions or naturally formed in our Sun and all stars in the universe.

When weak neutral acids and bases are put in water, they form ions. This is the percentage of the compound that has ionized (dissociated). Strong acids (bases) ionize completely so their percent ionization is 100%.

The bonds in salt compounds are called ionic because they both have an electrical charge—the chloride ion is negatively charged and the sodium ion is positively charged.

If an atom has an equal number of protons and electrons, its net charge is 0. If it gains an extra electron, it becomes negatively charged and is known as an anion. If it loses an electron, it becomes positively charged and is known as a cation.

When an atom loses electrons, this results in a positive charge. A positively charged ion is called a cation….Examples of Positive Ions

• Aluminum – Al. +3
• Barium – Ba. +2
• Bismuth – Bi. +3
• Cadmium – Cd. +2
• Calcium – Ca. +2
• Cesium – Cs. +
• Chromium (III) – Cr. +3
• Cobalt – Co. +2

no electric charge

Hint: There are some microscopic particles that can’t be seen from our vision because they are very tiny or smaller in size. Atoms can’t be seen from our naked eyes because of the same reason and also, they do not exist independently.

Now it is possible to see a movie of an electron. This is the first time an electron has ever been filmed, and the results are presented in the latest issue of Physical Review Letters. Previously it has been impossible to photograph electrons since their extremely high velocities have produced blurry pictures.

An electron looks like a particle when it interacts with other objects in certain ways (such as in high-speed collisions). When an electron looks more like a particle it has no shape, according to the Standard Model. Therefore, in the sense of particle-like interactions, an electron has no shape.

“The photon inside the electron is the charge, is the electric field inside a volume equivalent with the electric field created by an electric charge! An electric field surrounds an electric charge; the same thing inside the electron, the electric field of the photon surrounds the center of the electron.