A term applied to literary works that openly reflect upon their own processes of artful composition. Such self‐referentiality is frequently found in modern works of fiction that repeatedly refer to their own fictional status (see metafiction). Self‐reflexivity may also be found often in poetry.

Postmodernism as a mode of thought is often accused of being nihilistic, and postmodernity is often seen as a nihilistic state of society. Extreme nihilism is often thought of as vulgar relativism where no criteria exist for choosing one value, knowledge claim, or course of action over another.

Metafiction. Although implicit in many other types of fictional works, self-reflexivity often becomes the dominant subject of postmodern fiction. Some supporters trace self-reflexivity as far back as Miguel Cervantes’ fifteenth century novel, DON QUIXOTE.

The main purpose of metafiction is to highlight the dichotomy between the real world and the fictional world of a novel. Metafiction can be used to parody literary genre conventions, subvert expectations, reveal truths, or offer a view of the human condition….

Similar to breaking the fourth wall in theater, metafiction suspends the disbelief of the reader by specifically addressing the reader or discussing its own status. Metafiction is created in many different ways, but always includes an awareness within the fiction that it is indeed just that, a work of fiction….

Metafiction occurs in fictional stories when the story examines the elements of fiction itself. For example, a story that explores how stories are made by commenting on character types, how plots are formed, or other aspects of storytelling is engaged in an example of metafiction….

: fiction which refers to or takes as its subject fictional writing and its conventions.

Escapist fiction is fiction that provides a psychological escape from thoughts of everyday life by immersing the reader in exotic situations or activities. Genres that can include elements of escapist fiction include: Bodice rippers/Romance novels.

Metafiction also uses unconventional and experimental techniques by: rejecting conventional plot; refusing to attempt to become “real life”; subverting conventions to transform reality into a highly suspect concept; flaunting and exaggerating foundations of their instability; displaying reflexivity (the dimension ……

“Metafiction” has become a label for novels about novel writing. Unlike writers of metafiction, McEwan wants you to identify with characters, to succumb to narrative illusion. For Briony to undertake her “atonement”, her work of fiction must make up for, and confess, the wrong that she has done….

Novel

He wrote Atonement with intense fear as well as excitement. He knew he was exploring new ground, another country. He has travelled a long way since First Love, Last Rites (1975), the first collection of stories that won him the nickname Ian Macabre. The private names he gave this book spell out the distance….

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