Accordingly, the NAACP’s mission is to ensure the political, educational, equality of minority group citizens of States and eliminate race prejudice. The NAACP works to remove all barriers of racial discrimination through democratic processes.

February 12, 1909, New York, NY

1959. January 9 – One Federal judge throws out segregation on Atlanta, Georgia buses while another orders Montgomery bus registers to comply. January 19 – Federal Appeals court overturns Virginia’s closure of the schools in Norfolk; they reopen January 28 with 17 black students. April 18 – Martin Luther King Jr.

In defiance, African-American activists adopted a combined strategy of direct action, nonviolence, nonviolent resistance, and many events described as civil disobedience, giving rise to the civil rights movement of 1954 to 1968.

In his speech, Kennedy called Americans to recognize civil rights as a moral cause to which all people need to contribute and was “as clear as the American Constitution.” He conveyed how the proposed legislation would lead the nation to end discrimination against African Americans.

At the time, social movement researchers described the 15 February protest as “the largest protest event in human history”.

• According to BBC News, between six and ten million people took part in protests in up to sixty countries over the weekend of 15 and 16 February;
• Some of the largest protests took place in Europe.

The White House Peace Vigil is an anti-nuclear weapons peace vigil started by William Thomas in 1981. Thomas believed it to be the longest running uninterrupted anti-war protest in U.S. history.

A boycott is an act of nonviolent, voluntary and intentional abstention from using, buying, or dealing with a person, organization, or country as an expression of protest, usually for moral, social, political, or environmental reasons.

• 1855 – Lager Beer Riot (Chicago, United States)
• 1856 – Know-Nothing Riot of 1856 (Baltimore, United States)
• 1857 – Know-Nothing Riot (Washington, D.C., United States)
• 1857 – New York City Police Riot (New York, United States)
• 1860 – Lambing Flat riots (New South Wales, now in Australia)
• 1861 – Election Riots (St.

Nonviolence is the personal practice of not causing harm to one’s self and others under every condition. It may come from the belief that hurting people, animals and/or the environment is unnecessary to achieve an outcome and it may refer to a general philosophy of abstention from violence.

Other definitions are also used, such as the World Health Organization’s definition of violence as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death.

Direct action originated as a political activist term for economic and political acts in which the actors use their power (e.g. economic or physical) to directly reach certain goals of interest; in contrast to those actions that appeal to others (e.g. authorities); by, for example, revealing an existing problem, using …

adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun] Peaceful activities and situations do not involve war.

Legality. Most jurisdictions consider the obstruction of traffic an illegal activity and have developed rules to prosecute those who block, obstruct, impede, or otherwise interfere with the normal flow of vehicular or pedestrian traffic upon a public street or highway.

Actions such as blockades and sit-ins may also be referred to as demonstrations. Demonstrations can be nonviolent or violent (usually referred to by participants as “militant”), or can begin as nonviolent and turn violent depending on the circumstances.

The right to join with fellow citizens in protest or peaceful assembly is critical to a functioning democracy and at the core of the First Amendment. Unfortunately, law enforcement officials sometimes violate this right through means intended to thwart free public expression.

The right to protest may be a manifestation of the right to freedom of assembly, the right to freedom of association, and the right to freedom of speech. Protesting, however, is not necessarily violent or a threat to the interests of national security or public safety.

Riot control personnel have long used less lethal weapons such as batons and whips to disperse crowds and detain rioters. Since the 1980s, riot control officers have also used tear gas, pepper spray, rubber bullets, and electric tasers.

Freedom of peaceful assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.

Due process is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual person from it.

The right to petition government for redress of grievances is the right to make a complaint to, or seek the assistance of, one’s government, without fear of punishment or reprisals.

Petitions became a common form of protest and request to the British House of Commons in the 18th and 19th centuries; one million petitions were submitted to the UK’s parliament between 1780 and 1918.

Typically, after there are enough signatories, the resulting letter may be delivered to the subject of the petition, usually via e-mail. The online petition may also deliver an email to the target of the petition each time the petition is signed.

Thresholds. Under the Obama administration’s rules, a petition had to reach 150 signatures (Dunbar’s Number) within 30 days to be searchable on WhiteHouse.gov, according to Tom Cochran, former director of digital technology. It had to reach 100,000 signatures within 30 days to receive an official response.

The First Amendment’s freedom of speech right not only proscribes most government restrictions on the content of speech and ability to speak, but also protects the right to receive information, prohibits most government restrictions or burdens that discriminate between speakers, restricts the tort liability of …