Matter in its liquid state has a medium amount of thermal energy than when it is a solid. Because liquids have more thermal energy than solids, they move differently than solids.

gaseous

Liquids have more kinetic energy than solids. If you add heat energy to a liquid, the particles will move faster around each other as their kinetic energy increases. Some of these particles will have enough kinetic energy to break their liquid bonds and escape as a gas (evaporation).

Explanation: Solids have the lowest kinetic energy so vibrate very little. Liquids have more kinetic energy so particles slide past each other. Gases have the most kinetic energy so fly around in the air.

Monatomic gases have 3 degrees of freedom. Thus the kinetic energy per kelvin (monatomic ideal gas) is 3 [R/2] = 3R/2: per mole: 12.47 J. per molecule: 20.7 yJ = 129 μeV.

Nitrogen

Some molecules will be traveling faster and some more slowly. As such, it can be concluded that the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a thermalized sample of gas depends only on the temperature. However, the average speed depends on the molecular mass.

The average kinetic energy of gas particles is dependent on the temperature of the gas. Increasing the number of moles of gas means there are more molecules of gas available to collide with the walls of the container at any given time.

Hydrogen effuses four times as rapidly as oxygen. At a particular pressure and temperature, nitrogen gas effuses at the rate of 79 mL/s.

helium

At any given temperature, small, light molecules (such as H2, hydrogen gas) diffuse faster than larger, more massive molecules (such as N2, nitrogen gas) because they are traveling faster, on the average (see heat; kinetic-molecular theory of gases).

Heavier particles move more slowly, on average, which makes perfect sense. Consider a plot of the behavior of the noble (monoatomic) gases, all at the same temperature. On average helium atoms move much faster than xenon atoms, which are over 30 times heavier. As a side note, gas molecules tend to move very fast.

Heat is a form of energy. The heat energy from the water makes the water molecules in the hot water move faster than the water molecules in the cold water.

Solid – In a solid, the attractive forces keep the particles together tightly enough so that the particles do not move past each other. In the solid the particles vibrate in place. Liquid – In a liquid, particles will flow or glide over one another, but stay toward the bottom of the container.

2. At the nanometer scale, atoms are in constant motion. Even when water is frozen into ice, the water molecules are still moving.

Cooling, on the other hand, removes energy thus making the particles less active and allowing the bonding forces to take hold within the substance. Melting occurs when a solid is heated and turns to liquid. The particles in a solid gain enough energy to overcome the bonding forces holding them firmly in place.

Particles in all states of matter are in constant motion and this is very rapid at room temperature. A rise in temperature increases the kinetic energy and speed of particles; it does not weaken the forces between them. Individual particles in liquids and gases have no fixed positions and move chaotically.

Answer 1: The quick answer to your question is no, molecules do not stop moving at absolute zero. They move much less than at higher temperatures, but they still have small vibrations at absolute zero. Because molecules are very small, their movement is governed by the laws of quantum mechanics.

There are three states of matter: solid; liquid and gas.

When two molecules bump into one another two things can happen. If they don’t bump too hard they will behave like small solid spheres and just bounce off, each going in its own new direction like the balls on a pool table. Some kinetic energy may be exchanged, but the total energy will stay the same.

The gas particles move fastest and they rarely bump into each other, the liquid particles move slower, frequently bumping into each other. Solids just vibrate in place, not moving out of the same place. What is diffusion? How can you compare the rate of diffusion for solids, liquids, and gases?

solid

The kinetic theory of matter (particle theory) says that all matter consists of many, very small particles which are constantly moving or in a continual state of motion. The degree to which the particles move is determined by the amount of energy they have and their relationship to other particles.