How did the Phoenicians help to spread civilization throughout the Mediterranean area? They developed trade of valuable goods from lands around the Mediterranean Sea. They developed a system of writing to help them conduct trade.

Phoenicia was an ancient civilization composed of independent city-states located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea stretching through what is now Syria, Lebanon and northern Israel.

Geography affected the development of Phoenician civilization because they had a good trading location. The Phoenicians trade with other people by getting the things they want to trade in boats and then they traveled to other places and traded what was in the boat there for something else.

Phoenicians were perhaps the first mariners to adopt celestial navigation, charting their way across the seas using Polaris (the North Star) as a guide. The Phoenicians were the great mariners of the ancient world, and their thalassocracy (maritime realm) was organized into city-states akin to the Greeks.

Phoenician is a Canaanite language closely related to Hebrew. Very little is known about the Canaanite language, except what can be gathered from the El-Amarna letters written by Canaanite kings to Pharaohs Amenhopis III (1402 – 1364 BCE) and Akhenaton (1364 – 1347 BCE).

Alternative Titles: Jehovah, YHWH. Yahweh, the god of the Israelites, whose name was revealed to Moses as four Hebrew consonants (YHWH) called the tetragrammaton.

Phoenician alphabet

Apopis, also called Apep, Apepi, or Rerek, ancient Egyptian demon of chaos, who had the form of a serpent and, as the foe of the sun god, Re, represented all that was outside the ordered cosmos.

Thanatos

Orcus (Latin: Orcus) was a god of the underworld, punisher of broken oaths in Italic and Roman mythology. As with Hades, the name of the god was also used for the underworld itself….