During mitosis, a cell divides once to produce two daughter cells with genetic material identical to that of the original parent cell and to each other. That is how a new daughter cell can make transcription happen without having to produce RNA polymerase de novo.

RNA is associated with DNA at all stages of mitosis.

The nucleotide sequences that make up DNA are a “code” for the cell to make hundreds of different types of proteins; it is these proteins that function to control and regulate cell growth, division, communication with other cells and most other cellular functions.

Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell. The replication process relies on the fact that each strand of DNA can serve as a template for duplication.

Mesosomes or chondrioids are folded invaginations in the plasma membrane of bacteria that are produced by the chemical fixation techniques used to prepare samples for electron microscopy.

Mesosomes help in cell wall formation. They also help in DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells. They help in respiration, secretion and to increase the surface area of the plasma membrane and the enzyme content.

Mesosomes do not contain the enzymes for nitrogen fixation which makes option D incorrect. Thus, the correct answer is option C. Was this answer helpful?

Mesosomes are present in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Mesosomes of gram-negative cells typically are lamellar and are fewer in number and less extensively developed than those of gram-positive bacteria.

Answer: A special structure known as mesosome is formed by an extension of the plasma membrane into the cell wall. These extensions are usually in the form of vesicles, tubules, and lamellae.