The most direct consequence of raising the system temperature is the increased water flux across the membrane due to lowered water viscosity and increased water diffusivity, which effectively increases the water permeability across the membrane.

The higher the temperature is the faster the rate of osmosis, this is because high temperature gives the particles from the solutions more kinetic energy, therefore there they can collide faster and have more successful collusions to give a faster rate of osmosis.

Concentration gradient, size of the particles that are diffusing, and temperature of the system affect the rate of diffusion.

Why does pH affect the rate of diffusion? The acidity of alkaline properties of the solute can affect the stability of the cell(s). The ability of the solute being able to diffuse in each state depending on the state the substance is in as well. Solid diffusing into a liquid.

The amount of energy available for transport molecules does not affect the rate of diffusion. This is because diffusion is a passive process.

The rate of diffusion, dn/dt, is the change in the number of diffusing molecules inside the cell over time. Yes,r the smaller the molecular weight the faster it diffuses. The rate changes over time because once the molecules reaches equilibrium diffusion slows down.

Key Equations

1. rate of diffusion=amount of gas passing through an areaunit of time.
2. rate of effusion of gas Arate of effusion of gas B=√mB√mA=√MB√MA.

As per Graham’s law, the rate of effusion or diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Hence, the gas with the highest molecular weight diffuses the slowest. Hence, Chlorine is the slowest when it comes to rate of diffusion and helium is the fastest as it is the lightest.

The rate of diffusion is affected by the concentration gradient, membrane permeability, temperature, and pressure. Diffusion takes place as long as there is a difference between the concentrations of a substance across a barrier.

Hence we can conclude the rate of diffusion of liquids is higher than solids due to the free movement of molecules and lack of strong force of attraction in liquids but rate of diffusion of liquids is lower than gases as in gases molecules are quite far apart.

Neon is the fastest. Chlorine is the slowest.

• Matter in its solid state has the lowest amount of thermal energy (for that type of matter).
• Because solids have less thermal energy than liquids or gasses, the atoms in their solid state move very little.

solids

gases

Phases of matter

Gaseous particles are in constant random motion. Gaseous particles tend to undergo diffusion because they have kinetic energy. Diffusion is faster at higher temperatures because the gas molecules have greater kinetic energy.

solid

NH3 has lesser molecular mass than the above gases, so the rate of diffusion of NH3 is higher. This is according to the Graham’s law of Diffusion of gases.

Consequently, the gas with the least molecular weight effuses the fastest hence, helium gas has a higher rate of diffusion compared to nitrogen or oxygen.