This molten rock, called magma, is like a soup of different minerals and elements. Because magma is less dense (and lighter in weight) than the solid rock around it, it flows upward. The magma cools and hardens. The result is igneous rock.

You’d cool it by putting it into the refrigerator until it hardens. Similarly, liquid magma also turns into a solid — a rock — when it is cooled. Any rock that forms from the cooling of magma is an igneous rock. Magma that cools quickly forms one kind of igneous rock, and magma that cools slowly forms another kind.

Lava is molten rock that comes out of volcanoes. When the lava cools down, it forms solid rock. Sometimes, the volcano erupts by shooting bits of rock and ash into the air. The cooled lava and the ash build up steeper volcanoes.

Crystallization. Magma cools either underground or on the surface and hardens into an igneous rock. As the magma cools, different crystals form at different temperatures, undergoing crystallization.

2) Intrusive: magma cools under the Earth’s surface. The magma cools very slowly. As magma cools minerals are formed into an interlocking arrangement producing an igneous rock. As magma cools it undergoes reactions that form minerals.

The Rock Cycle is Earth’s great recycling process where igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks can all be derived from and form one another. Analogous to recycling a Coke can, where an old can will be used to produce a new can, the rock cycle is ever changing the rocks and minerals that make up Earth.

The rock cycle moves at exceedingly slow rates that are very hard to detect on the scale of a human lifetime. However, the rock cycle has contributed to all our mineral resources (eg. gold, zinc, copper, etc) and our fossil fuel resources. Fossil fuels are developed in sedimentary basins – a part of the rock cycle.

Rocks are very important to mankind because they are one of the best sources of fuel and power. For example, we derive coal, petroleum and even natural gas from rocks. Minerals are extracted from rocks. This is one of the obvious advantages of rocks.

That being said, there are some instances when rocks present disadvantages that include: rocks the fall from higher elevations on to people or property, rocks that are dissolved by acidic water and cause sinking of the land, rocks that contain minerals that are chemically or physically harmful to heatlh (like asbestos …

The “NO ROCKS ON EARTH” condition would be very difficult to envision. That would mean that there would be no crust, separating the mantle from the asthenosphere. The heat exchange from that condition would cool the mantle and a new crust would form. The whole concept of “no rocks” becomes untenable.

(PhysOrg.com) — Currently, diamond is regarded to be the hardest known material in the world. But by considering large compressive pressures under indenters, scientists have calculated that a material called wurtzite boron nitride (w-BN) has a greater indentation strength than diamond.

Igneous rocks

If the magma cools rapidly then the reactions are much quicker and the mineral crystals (grains) are smaller. Igneous rocks will have a distinctive appearance (this is referred to as texture) based on the rate of cooling (fast or slow).

The most valuable and prized gemstones in the world today are:

• Tanzanite. Discovered in 1967, Tanzanite is found only in northern Tanzania in the Mirerani Hills (in just a 4.3 x 1.2 mile mining area).
• Black Opal.
• Musgravite.
• Red Beryl.
• Alexandrite.
• Emerald.
• Ruby.
• Diamond.

The twelve sacred gemstones of Revelations are Jasper, Sapphire, Chalcedony, Emerald, Sardonyx, Sardius, Chrysolite, Beryl, Topaz, Chrysoprasus, Jacinth, and Amethyst. Many also believe that there is a clear association between the twelve apostles and the twelve gems from the walls of Jerusalem.

Navaratna is a combination of nine precious gemstones (Ruby, Diamond, Blue Sapphire, Yellow Sapphire, Emerald, Red Coral, Pearl, Cat’s eye and Hessonite) worn in a single ornament.

“The 12 stones are to correspond to the names of Israel’s sons. Each stone must be engraved like a seal, with one of the names of the 12 tribes.” Every time Aaron or his sons, or any future Levite put on the vestments with the breastplate, they would be reminded of the twelve tribes of Israel.

The symbolism of stones centers on ideas of endurance, stability, and permanence. They represent the ability to be grounded and connected with the earth. Stones are strong, versatile, and easily accessible.

The Hebrew names of these 12 stones are (1) Odem, (2) Pitdah, (3) Bareketh, (4) Nophek, (5) Sappir, (6) Yahalom, (7) Leshem, (8) Shebo, (9) Ahlamah, (10) Tarshish, (11) Shalom, (12) Yashpheh. Also called Aaron’s Breastplate or Breastplate of the High Priest.

Gilgal structures have been found only in the Jordan River valley, and in the Samaritan mountains on the edge of the desert. Pottery discoveries date them to the early Israelite period, with most remains from the 12th-11th centuries BCE.

Symbolism. Because, according to Jewish tradition, the Israelites made a difficult and hazardous journey from slavery in Egypt to freedom in the Promised Land, the Jordan can refer to freedom. The actual crossing is the final step of the journey, which is then complete.

listen); Hebrew: יְרִיחוֹ‎ Yeriḥo) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank. It is located in the Jordan Valley, with the Jordan River to the east and Jerusalem to the west. It is the administrative seat of the Jericho Governorate, and is governed by the Palestinian National Authority….

Jerichonoun. A place of retirement or concealment (see 2 Sam.

Bronze Age Jericho fell in the 16th century around 1573 BCE when it was violently destroyed by an earthquake. Charred wood found at the site suggests that the remains of the city were burned.

As the lava cools it hardens and becomes igneous rock. As soon as new igneous rock is formed, the processes of weathering and erosion begin, starting the whole cycle over again!…When the particles are carried somewhere else, it is called erosion.

• Transportation.
• Deposition.
• Compaction & Cementation.

These broken pieces of rock are called sediments. The word “Sedimentary” comes from the root word “Sediment”. Sedimentary rocks are usually formed in water. Sedimentary rocks are formed from broken pieces of rocks.

The rock cycle begins with molten rock (magma below ground, lava above ground), which cools and hardens to form igneous rock. Exposure to weathering and erosional forces, break the original rock into smaller pieces.

A conservative estimate is that each of these steps would take approximately 20 million years (some may be less, others would be more, and some could be much more).

The Rock Cycle is a group of changes. Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. On Earth’s surface, wind and water can break rock into pieces.

The rock cycle is a process in which rocks are continuously transformed between the three rock types igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Sediments are produced when rocks are uplifted, weathered and eroded, and the resulting detrital material deposited in marine or terrestrial basins.

The rock cycle is a concept used to explain how the three basic rock types are related and how Earth processes, over geologic time, change a rock from one type into another. Plate tectonic activity, along with weathering and erosional processes, are responsible for the continued recycling of rocks.

The Rock Cycle

• Weathering. Simply put, weathering is a process of breaking down rocks into smaller and smaller particles without any transporting agents at play.
• Erosion and Transport.
• Deposition of Sediment.
• Burial and Compaction.
• Crystallization of Magma.
• Melting.
• Uplift.
• Deformation and Metamorphism.

Explanation: The rocks are buried deep under the ground.So it affects the earth and thus it affects us. Sometimes it moves to the earth surface and then erupts from a volcano and thus it also sends gases and ash to the atmosphere.

Basalt and granite actually have quite a bit in common. Both are igneous rocks, which means that they cooled from a magma (the earth gets very hot just below the surface, and there is lots of liquid rock available).

Sedimentary rocks

Earth > If Rocks Could Talk > Three Types of Rock

• Igneous rocks are formed from melted rock deep inside the Earth.
• Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sand, silt, dead plants, and animal skeletons.
• Metamorphic rocks formed from other rocks that are changed by heat and pressure underground.

Diamond is the hardest known mineral, Mohs’ 10.

talc

Rocks: Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary

• Andesite.
• Basalt.
• Dacite.
• Diabase.
• Diorite.
• Gabbro.
• Granite.
• Obsidian.

Moissanite, a naturally occurring silicon-carbide, is almost as hard as diamond. It is a rare mineral, discovered by the French chemist Henri Moissan in 1893 while examining rock samples from a meteor crater located in Canyon Diablo, Arizona. Hexagonal boron-nitride is 18% harder than diamond.

In terms of tensile strength, tungsten is the strongest out of any natural metal (142,000 psi).