When you have a website in APA 7 with no author, you use the title, date, publisher, and URL. There is no period after the URL in the citation. Additionally, a website title is in italics.

If you are ever unsure about the information on a Web page and want to know who owns the site or has published the material, go to www.easywhois.com. If we continue using this site as an example, we would do the following: In the search box labeled Whois Lookup type martinlutherking.org. Click next.

If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks.

When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it’s a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it’s a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number if it is available.

Writers sometimes use the surname of the first author followed by et al. at the first mention of a work that has three, four, or five authors. Only when a work has six or more authors should the first in-text citation consist of the first author followed by et al.

A full and official description of APA style formatting can be found here. When an author’s name is cited in-text, put the date of the citation in parentheses. When there are six or more authors, use only the first author’s name and et al, placing a comma before the date.

Definition from Nolo’s Plain-English Law Dictionary (et-ux-or) Latin for “and wife.” Often appears in its abbreviated form, et ux. In older deeds and documents, the phrase was used to indicate that a property was owned by a couple, consisting of a named man and his unidentified wife (for example, John Smith et ux.).

ET AL is used to include multiple names and both genders (ex. Susie Smith, ET AL). ET UX is used as “and wife” behind the husband’s name (ex. John Doe, ET UX).

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The expression et al., which is always followed by a period, stands for “and others.” So the greetings above would mean: Dear John and others, Hello, Kimia and others.

Latin and italics: “et al.” is not italicized or underlined (van Leunen, p. 27: “Write it without either underlining or italics.”; Chicago Manual of Style 7.56: “Commonly used Latin words and abbreviations should not be italicized.

Whereas etc. refers to a list of things, et al. refers to a list of people. Etc. is common in formal and informal writing.

For example, “e.g. apple, oranges, etc.” Technically, you can probably use “i.e. apples, oranges, etc.” since it’s says “that is, apples, oranges, and so on.” Rule #2: Use periods as they’re abbreviations.

Et cetera is a calque of the Koine Greek καὶ τὰ ἕτερα (kai ta hetera) meaning ‘and the other things’. The typical Modern Greek form is και τα λοιπά (kai ta loipá), ‘and the remainder’.

“Etc.” is used to indicate that only some of the items from a list have been used. Generally, in American English, if “etc.” is used in the middle of a sentence, it is followed by a comma. (Tennis, soccer, baseball, etc., are outdoor games.)

This one is simple enough: never double up periods. If a statement ends with “etc.” the period in the abbreviation does double duty, serving as the full stop to end the sentence. If, however, you need another mark of punctuation after an abbreviation, you can put it after the period.

There’s no definitive answer, because different style guides recommend different usage. Nevertheless, the style that seems to be recommended the most is to always include a comma before “etc.”; it is recommended even by those who discourage the use of the Oxford comma (the comma before the last item in a list).

This rule is quite simple. If you use “etc.” in the middle of a sentence, and it is not enclosed in parentheses, then you must use a comma after the abbreviation. If it is in parentheses in the middle of a sentence or at the end of a sentence, no comma is needed.