Hydrocarbon mixtures are composed of petroleum ethers and other hydrocarbons. (Benzine is a mixture of alkanes, such as pentane, hexane, and heptane; whereas benzene is a cyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon.) A hydrocarbon is any chemical compound that consists only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).

Natural gas and crude oil are mixtures of different hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are molecules of carbon and hydrogen in various combinations. Hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs) are hydrocarbons that occur as gases at atmospheric pressure and as liquids under higher pressures. HGLs can also be liquefied by cooling.

A hydrocarbon is an organic chemical compound composed exclusively of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons are naturally-occurring compounds and form the basis of crude oil, natural gas, coal, and other important energy sources. Therefore, hydrocarbons are highly effective as a source of fuel.

Coal is divided into four classes: anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite. Elemental analysis gives empirical formulas such as C137H97O9NS for bituminous coal and C240H90O4NS for high-grade anthracite. Anthracite coal is a dense, hard rock with a jet-black color and a metallic luster.

Petroleum, also called crude oil, is a fossil fuel. Over millions of years under high pressure and high temperature, the remains of these organisms transformed into what we know today as fossil fuels. Coal, natural gas, and petroleum are all fossil fuels that formed under similar conditions.

Coal is very old. The formation of coal spans the geologic ages and is still being formed today, just very slowly. Below, a coal slab shows the footprints of a dinosaur (the footprints where made during the peat stage but were preserved during the coalification process).

Coal | Types of Coal: Peat, Lignite, Bituminous Coal & Anthracite…

• Peat.
• Lignite.
• Bituminous Coal.
• Anthracite Coal.

The three fossil fuels – coal, petroleum, and natural gas were formed in a similar way by heat and pressure, but petroleum and natural gas were formed from plants and animals that lived in oceans and are millions of years older than coal. This caused them to become a liquid (petroleum) or a gas (natural gas).

Oil and natural gas do not come from fossilized dinosaurs! Thus, they are not fossil fuels. That’s a myth. According to Wikipedia, the term “fossil fuel” was first used by German chemist Caspar Neumann in 1759.

Such organisms and their resulting fossil fuels typically have an age of millions of years, and sometimes more than 650 million years. Fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

Crude oil is formed from the remains of dead organisms (diatoms) such as algae and zooplankton that existed millions of years ago in a marine environment. These organisms were the dominant forms of life on earth at the time.

World Oil Reserves The world has proven reserves equivalent to 46.6 times its annual consumption levels. This means it has about 47 years of oil left (at current consumption levels and excluding unproven reserves).

Without oil, cars may become a relic of the past. Streets may turn into public community centers and green spaces filled with pedestrians. Bike use might increase as more people ride to school or work. The Earth will begin to heal from over a century of human-caused climate change.

A sudden loss of oil supplies would make it impossible to meet world energy needs. Countries have very varying stocks of natural gas which they could tap, and Johansen says such resources would be quickly depleted. If oil vanished tomorrow, renewables would have to meet that four-fifths as well as any further growth.

Venezuela has the largest amount of oil reserves in the world with 300.9 billion barrels.

Here are six already under severe pressure from current rates of consumption:

1. Water. Freshwater only makes 2.5% of the total volume of the world’s water, which is about 35 million km3.
2. Oil. The fear of reaching peak oil continues to haunt the oil industry.
3. Natural gas.
4. Phosphorus.
5. Coal.
6. Rare earth elements.

While our planet as a whole may never run out of water, it’s important to remember that clean freshwater is not always available where and when humans need it. In fact, half of the world’s freshwater can be found in only six countries. Also, every drop of water that we use continues through the water cycle.

This number will increase from 33 to 58% to 4.8 to 5.7 billion by 2050. About 73% of the people affected by water scarcity presently live in Asia. In the 2010s, groundwater use globally amounted to 800 km3 per year.

5 billion years

Yes, sadly, the Earth will eventually run out of oxygen — but not for a long time. According to New Scientist, oxygen comprises about 21 percent of Earth’s atmosphere. That robust concentration allows for large and complex organisms to live and thrive on our planet.

Human beings must breathe oxygen . . . to survive, and begin to suffer adverse health effects when the oxygen level of their breathing air drops below [19.5 percent oxygen]. Below 19.5 percent oxygen . . . , air is considered oxygen-deficient.

All plant and animal life on Earth need oxygen to survive. According to a new study, a billion years from now, Earth’s oxygen will become depleted in a span of about 10,000 years, bringing about worldwide extinction for all except microbes.

The most common commercial method for producing oxygen is the separation of air using either a cryogenic distillation process or a vacuum swing adsorption process. Nitrogen and argon are also produced by separating them from air.

Breathing on Mars In these conditions humans die within minutes unless a pressure suit provides life support. If Mars’ atmospheric pressure could rise above 19 kPa (2.8 psi), then a pressure suit would not be required. Visitors would only need to wear a mask that supplied 100% oxygen under positive pressure.

Some conditions would make it difficult for plants to grow on Mars. For example, Mars’s extreme cold temperatures make life difficult to sustain. Sunlight and heat reaching that planet is much less than what the Earth gets. This is because Mars is about 50 million miles farther away from the sun.

The air pressure on the earth would drop 21 per cent and our ears would not get enough time to settle. Without oxygen, there would not any fire and the combustion process in our vehicles would stop. In between all this, the earth’s crust, which is made up of 45 per cent oxygen, would completely crumble.