what are pork barrel projects? when a congressman gets money from the federal budget to do a project for his/her own state or district.

Pork barrel politics refers to an instance whereby federal funds are attached to a bill for projects within a Congress persons district which could aid in their re-election. Such ‘projects’ can refer to a range of things such as building bridges like the Alaska ‘bridge to nowhere’.

Earmarks feature in American and South African public finance. In particular, the term comes from earmarked hogs where, by analogy, pork-barreled legislation would be doled out among members of the local political machine.

Pork barrel is a metaphor for the appropriation of government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative’s district. Public works projects, certain national defense spending projects, and agricultural subsidies are the most commonly cited examples.

True or false: Supreme Court decisions often uphold the constitutionality of a law, in a sense verifying Congress’s ability to create policy on a given subject. What area has traditionally been the vehicle for pork barrel projects? oversight and agenda setting.

In this model, constituents elect their representatives as ‘trustees’ for their constituency. These ‘trustees’ have autonomy to deliberate and act as they see fit, in their own conscience even if it means going against the explicit desires of their constituents; this is also called a free mandate.

Franking privilege. The ability of members of Congress to mail letters to their constituents free of charge by substituting their facsimile signature (frank) for postage. Unicameral. composed of one legislative body.

Why is it challenging for U.S. .senators to represent the views of their constituencies? They represent entire states, which may include many different ideologies.

Members of Congress are better educated, richer, most often male, and more likely to be white. And membership to one of the two major parties and the ability to raise money are often a prerequisite for election. When it comes to reelection, incumbency and redistricting also affect a members’ chance.

Which of the following describe ways that the media are a source of congressional power? The media can sway public opinion. The media can create a favorable climate for the passage of legislation. The media provide congressional members with a forum with which to communicate with constituents.

One major factor influencing the outcome of congressional elections is the advantage that incumbent candidates have over challengers; incumbents are typically much better funded and are better recognized by voters; plus, they participate in deciding the boundaries of voting districts.

AP Gov Ch 12

Trustees use their best judgment to make policy in the interests of the people. 2. Instructed delegates calls for representatives to mirror the preferences of their constituents. Politicos combine the trustee and instructed delegate roles as they attempt to be representatives, policymakers and loyal party members.

What is the difference between casework and pork barrel? Casework is when an incumbent Congress member helps an individual constituent in some way. A pork barrel is the lists of funds and projects available to the cities and businesses in the incumbent’s district.

The delegate model of representation is a model of a representative democracy. In this model, constituents elect their representatives as delegates for their constituency. Models of democratic rule making extensive use of delegate model of representation are often labeled delegative democracy.

Terms in this set (10) In Congress, there are two different ways elected legislators can act. One way is to act as a trustee. Unlike the trustee, an instructed delegate is an agent of the voters, voting according to what they want even if they don’t wholeheartedly agree to what the people want.

They represent two divergent theories on the roles of representatives in government. A trustee makes decisions based on personal judgment, while an instructed delegate makes decisions based on feedback from constituents.