Illuminated manuscripts are hand-written books with painted decoration that generally includes precious metals such as gold or silver. The pages were made from animal skin, commonly calf, sheep, or goat. Illuminated manuscripts were produced between 1100 and 1600, with monasteries as their earliest creators.

Styles of Illuminated Manuscripts

• ornamented borders enclosing full page illustrations.
• ornate initials used for beginning of gospels and important passages.
• carpet pages, which are full pages of decorative design.

Art historians classify illuminated manuscripts into their historic periods and types, including (but not limited to) Late Antique, Insular, Carolingian manuscripts, Ottonian manuscripts, Romanesque manuscripts, Gothic manuscripts, and Renaissance manuscripts. There are a few examples from later periods.

the Book of Hours

Below, we reflect on some of the most important manuscripts written by hand that we are lucky enough to have today.

• The Book of Kells (c. 800)
• The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution (1776 and 1787)
• Frankenstein by Mary Shelley (1818)
• In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust (1913)

The earliest illuminated manuscript is the Vergilius Augusteus of the 4th century CE which exists in seven pages of what must have been a much larger book of Virgil’s works….

Liturgical and Ceremonial Use: For the extent of their long history, illuminated manuscripts were used as visual tools for church services, or to support the daily devotions of monks, nuns, and laymen….

In the great era of the illuminated manuscript, the art of the illuminator often played an important role in the development of art. The portability of the manuscript made it a simple means for the transmission of ideas from one region to another, and even from one period to another.

How long did it take to make an illuminated manuscript? It varied depending on page size, number of pages, and quantity and quality of illustrations—but a single manuscript could take several years to complete. Here’s one example….

They provide evidence of human activity, and as such, are generated naturally during the course of an individual’s or an organization’s life. Scholars often use these manuscripts, however, for purposes unrelated to the reasons the documents were created.

Manuscripts are handwritten records of information. Manuscripts can be in a form of scroll, barks of tress, pillars, etc. Manuscripts contains information about the actual and mythical events held. They helps us to understand the script that was used in the medieval period….

A manuscript is a handwritten composition on paper, bark, cloth, metal, palm leaf or any other material dating back at least seventy-five years that has significant scientific, historical or aesthetic value. Manuscripts are found in hundreds of different languages and scripts.

The definition of a manuscript is a book that is written for submission to a publisher, or a book, play or other creative work that is written by hand instead of typed. The author’s copy of a book that the author has just turned in to the publisher is an example of a manuscript.

More recently, the term has come to be understood to further include any written, typed, or word-processed copy of an author’s work, as distinguished from its rendition as a printed version of the same. Before the arrival of printing, all documents and books were manuscripts.

A manuscript is the work that an author submits to a publisher, editor, or producer for publication. In publishing, “manuscript” can also refer to one or both of the following: an accepted manuscript, reviewed but not yet in a final format, distributed in advance as a preprint.

Key Takeaways. There are four main kinds of speech delivery: impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript, and memorized. Impromptu speaking involves delivering a message on the spur of the moment, as when someone is asked to “say a few words.”

What are the elements of good speech delivery? The elements of good delivery are directness, spontaneity, animation, vocal and facial expressiveness, and a lively sense of communication.

Aspects of Physical Delivery. There are six aspects of physical delivery that will be covered in this section: voice use, facial expressions, eye contact, gesturing, and movement.

There are three main types of speeches, but what kind a speaker delivers depends upon the speaker’s objective. The three main types of speeches are the informative, the persuasive, and the special occasion.

Basic Types of Speeches

• Entertaining Speech.
• Informative Speech.
• Demonstrative Speech.
• Persuasive Speech.
• Motivational Speech.
• Impromptu Speech.
• Oratorical Speech.
• Debate Speech.

The eleven speaking competencies are useful topic, engaging introduction, clear organization, well- supported ideas, closure in conclusion, clear and vivid language, suitable vocal expression, corresponding nonverbals, adapted to the audience, adept use of visual aids and convincing persuasion.

Based on a submission on “in”, the seven(7) elements of public speaking are the speaker, the message, the channel, the listener, the feedback, the interference, and the situation. The speech communication process starts with the speaker – the person who initiated the conversation or talk….

• 14 Must-Haves to Be a Great Public Speaker. Outstanding speakers share several traits.
• Know-How.
• Passion and Purpose.
• Personality.
• Creativity.
• Make Connections.
• Speak Plainly.
• Not Be Afraid to Fail.

What are the Benefits of Public Speaking?

• Career advancement.
• Boost confidence.
• Critical thinking.
• Personal development.
• Improve communication skills.
• Make new social connections.
• Personal satisfaction.
• Expand your professional network.

The five p’s of presentation are planning, preparation, consistency, practise and performance….

If you are interested in public speaking, then you have probably heard about the 3 Ps of Public speaking – Prepare, Practice, Perform….

Here Are My 10 Tips for Public Speaking:

1. Nervousness Is Normal.
2. Know Your Audience.
3. Organize Your Material in the Most Effective Manner to Attain Your Purpose.
4. Watch for Feedback and Adapt to It.
5. Let Your Personality Come Through.
6. Use Humor, Tell Stories, and Use Effective Language.
7. Don’t Read Unless You Have to.

It’s the three P’s – Practice, Planning and Positive Thinking. Some people are natural communicators, but they are the minority. Communication skills are exactly that – a skill – that needs to be first learned, then repeated over and over until practise makes perfect….