The most common definition of contrariety is as follows: two proposi- tions are contraries if they cannot both be true. For comparison, the. definition of contradiction states that two propositions are contradictories. if they can neither both be true nor both be false, and that of sub-

Aristotle agrees with Plato that knowledge is of what is true and that this truth must be justified in a way which shows that it must be true, it is necessarily true. Thus it is through the senses that we begin to gain knowledge of the form which makes the substance the particular substance it is.

What is known to us as metaphysics is what Aristotle called “first philosophy.” Metaphysics involves a study of the universal principles of being, the abstract qualities of existence itself. Metaphysics, or the parts still in existence, spans fourteen books.

Plato said that real things (Forms) don’t change, and restricted change to the realm of appearances—the physical world. Parmenides went farther still, denying the existence of change altogether. His account is designed to explain both how change in general is possible, and how coming into existence is possible.

Aristotle says that change is the actualizing of a potentiality of the subject. That actualization is the composition of the form of the thing that comes to be with the subject of change. Another way to speak of change is to say that F comes to be F from what is not-F.

Here are 20 profound Plato quotes on life, love and human behavior. The greatest wealth is to live content with little. Every heart sings a song, incomplete, until another heart whispers back. Those who wish to sing always find a song.

Plato Quotes Here are some of Plato’s most famous quotes: “Love is a serious mental disease.” “When the mind is thinking it is talking to itself.” “Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledge.”

Socrates responds: For to fear death, gentlemen, is nothing other than to think oneself wise when one is not, to think one knows what one does not know. For no one knows whether death might not be the greatest of all goods for a human being, but people fear it as if they knew well that it is the greatest of evils.

Fear is pain arising from the anticipation of evil. Aristotle. Pain, Fear, Philosophical. I have gained this from philosophy: that I do without being commanded what others do only from fear of the law.

Fear is a natural, powerful, and primitive human emotion. Fear alerts us to the presence of danger or the threat of harm, whether that danger is physical or psychological. Sometimes fear stems from real threats, but it can also originate from imagined dangers.

ten books

The Nicomachean Ethics was named after Aristotle’s son—as well as his father. Nicomachus was a very important name in Aristotle’s family. Most scholars believe that the Nicomachean Ethics was dedicated to his son since this was a typical naming convention for literary works in ancient Greece.

(Greek, the goodness or excellence of a thing) The goodness or virtue of a person. In the thought of Plato and Aristotle virtue is connected with performing a function (ergon), just as an eye is good if it performs its proper function of vision. This is its telos or purpose (see also teleology).

Both Plato and Aristotle believed in having a system of values and sticking to it to achieve happiness. They both also believed in living by the mean- making choices and acting in the middle ground between excess and depravity.