Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. Flexion at the elbow is decreasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus. Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts. Extension at the elbow is increasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus.

Types of joint movement

Figure 1. (c)–(d) Anterior bending of the head or vertebral column is flexion, while any posterior-going movement is extension. Hyperextension is the abnormal or excessive extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion, thus resulting in injury. Similarly, hyperflexion is excessive flexion at a joint.

An extension is a physical position that increases the angle between the bones of the limb at a joint. It occurs when muscles contract and bones move the joint from a bent position to a straight position. Typically, an extension of a joint is limited to 180 degrees or less.

During hyperextension, the knee joint bends the wrong way, which often results in swelling, pain and tissue damage. In severe cases, ligaments such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), or popliteal ligament (the ligament along the back of the knee) may be sprained or ruptured.

Extension: increasing the angle between two bones (straightening a bend). The triceps brachii and anconeus are muscles that extend the elbow.

Flexion: The angle between the two joins decreases during the flexion. Extension: The angle between the two joints increases during the extension. Flexion: Flexion leads to the bending of the bones, bringing the two bones together. Extension: Extension leads to the straightening of the bones, dispersing the two bones.

Similarities Between Flexion and Extension Joints are involved in both flexion and extension. Both flexion and extension are defined based on the angle between the two bones. Both flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane. Both flexion and extension can occur in a forward or backward direction.

Flexion It takes place when the angle decreases between the two bones attached to a joint. Extension It takes place when the angle between the two bones attached to a joint increases. Both flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane about the frontal axis.

Effects of exercise on muscular system. Size and shape of muscle changes: Regular exercise changes the shape and size of the muscle. Cells of the muscles are enlarged which change the shape and size of the muscle. Correct body posture; regular exercise keeps the correct posture of the body by strengthening the muscles.

There Are Six Types of Movement Which the Joints Can Exhibit

• Extension.
• Flexion.
• Abduction.
• Adduction.
• Circumduction.
• Rotation.

5 Components of Physical Fitness

• Cardiovascular Endurance.
• Muscular Strength.
• Muscular endurance.
• Flexibility.
• Body Composition.

In the short term, exercise can lead to muscle fatigue and soreness. In the long term, exercise can lead to muscle hypertrophy and other physiological changes. These physiological changes alter the muscle to make repeat exercise easier.

Animal research has demonstrated that exercise can help preserve neuronal tissue, stimulate neurogenesis, and promote brain vascularization. These findings lend support to the concept that exercise has direct effects on the brain that may help to maintain brain function and promote brain plasticity [33].

Short term effects of exercise on the body systems

Examples of exercises that develop muscular strength and power include resistance training, such as weightlifting, bodyweight exercises, and resistance band exercises. Running, cycling, and climbing hills are also options.

Examples of muscle-strengthening activities include:

• lifting weights.
• working with resistance bands.
• heavy gardening, such as digging and shovelling.
• climbing stairs.
• hill walking.
• cycling.
• dance.
• push-ups, sit-ups and squats.

Most of us believe that the more pain our muscles are in, the bigger they will grow. That pain you feel the day after is commonly known as “DOMS”, which stands for Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. DOMS is classified as a type I muscle strain and presents with tenderness or stiffness to palpation and movement.

Muscle cells subjected to regular bouts of exercise followed by periods of rest with sufficient dietary protein undergo hypertrophy as a response to the stress of training. Because there are more potential power strokes associated with increased actin and myosin concentrations, the muscle can exhibit greater strength.

The three main types of muscle include skeletal, smooth and cardiac.

10 Ways to Build Strength Without the Size

1. Lift Heavy. Lifting heavy (> 90% 1RM) will improve strength by recruiting what are called high-threshold motor units.
2. Lift Explosively.
3. Do Plyometrics.
4. Slash the Volume.
5. Use Sprints and Drills.
6. Try Contrast Training.
7. Rest Longer.
8. Hit Weak Links.

Depending on the amount of microscopic muscle damage from any given workout, your muscle cells can take anywhere from one to several days to grow back bigger and stronger than before, which is why most experts don’t recommend working the same muscle group on back-to-back days, he says.

Most people can expect to gain somewhere between 15 pound of muscle in the first six months as a complete beginner if their diet and training is on point.

Spending your whole day in the gym isn’t necessary to build muscle. Weight training for 20 to 30 minutes, 2 to 3 times a week is enough to see results. You should try to target all your major muscle groups at least twice throughout your weekly workouts.

Specifically, rest is essential for muscle growth. Exercise creates microscopic tears in your muscle tissue. But during rest, cells called fibroblasts repair it. This helps the tissue heal and grow, resulting in stronger muscles.