Grain size: Refers to the size of individual mineral crystals or clasts (pieces of pre-existing rock) in a rock.

It can be controlled by cold treatment, cold rolling, adding alloying but not substantially otherwise phase may change and CCT will change. Best way to reduce the grain size specially after diamond polishing put to the percholoric acid at low temperature and very low voltage for 30minutes to gallows.

For a particular annealing temperature, as the time at the temperature increases the grain size increases. For a particular annealing time, as the temperature increases the grain size increases.

A significant decrease in hardness is observed after annealing at temperature of 423 K and higher. The average grain size increases with increasing annealing temperature as expected. However, there is a larger scatter in the values of grain size compared with the values of hardness.

If cold working is needed continuously throughout the metal forming process, annealing becomes a necessary component of that process because it helps to restore the metal’s original properties. During the standard annealing process, there are three stages: recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth.

Full annealing is the process by which the distorted cold-worked lattice structure is changed back to one that is strain-free through the application of heat. This is a solid-state process and is usually followed by slow-cooling in the furnace. Recovery is the first stage of annealing.

If you want maximum softness then you quench immediately upon annealing. You never should see a red glow from your metal when annealing (in contemporary lighting). Any air cooling beyond actually hardens your metal (anything containing copper, all copper alloys, sterling, most gold alloys).

Metal fabricators use annealing to help create complex parts, keeping the material workable by returning them close to their pre-worked state. The process is important in maintaining ductility and reducing hardness after cold working. In addition, some metals are annealed to increase their electrical conductivity.

The main difference between annealing and normalizing is that annealing allows the material to cool at a controlled rate in a furnace. Normalizing allows the material to cool by placing it in a room temperature environment and exposing it to the air in that environment.

Annealing, treatment of a metal or alloy by heating to a predetermined temperature, holding for a certain time, and then cooling to room temperature to improve ductility and reduce brittleness. Annealing is also done for relief of internal stresses.