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Planck’s constant, symbolized h, relates the energy in one quantum (photon) of electromagnetic radiation to the frequency of that radiation. In the International System of units (SI), the constant is equal to approximately 6.626176 x 10-34 joule-seconds.

k is a constant called the rate or spring constant (in SI units: N/m or kg/s2).

Use of the symbol Q for the total amount of energy transferred as heat is due to Rudolf Clausius in 1850: “Let the amount of heat which must be imparted during the transition of the gas in a definite manner from any given state to another, in which its volume is v and its temperature t, be called Q” .

cp is greater than CV because when gas is heated at constant volume,whole of the heat supplied is used to increase the temperature only. But when gas is heated at constant pressure,the heat supplied is used to increase both temperature and volume of gas.

The Cp/Cv ratio is also called the heat capacity ratio. In thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio is known as the adiabatic index.

The molar specific heat capacity of a gas at constant volume (Cv) is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mol of the gas by 1 °C at the constant volume. Its value for monatomic ideal gas is 3R/2 and the value for diatomic ideal gas is 5R/2.

CP – CV for an ideal gas is R .

Three types of degrees of freedom are persisting, those being translational, rotational, and vibrational. This ratio γ=1.66 for an ideal monatomic gas and γ=1.4 for air, which is predominantly called as a diatomic gas.

The heat capacity at constant volume, Cv, is the derivative of the internal energy with respect to the temperature, so for our monoatomic gas, Cv = 3/2 R. The heat capacity at constant pressure can be estimated because the difference between the molar Cp and Cv is R; Cp – Cv = R.

The ratio of the specific heats γ = CP/CV is a factor in adiabatic engine processes and in determining the speed of sound in a gas. This ratio γ = 1.66 for an ideal monoatomic gas and γ = 1.4 for air, which is predominantly a diatomic gas.

Characteristics of Air Individual atoms can combine with other atoms to form molecules. In particular, oxygen and nitrogen, which are the major components of air, occur in nature as diatomic (2 atom) molecules.

Monatomic – composed of 1 atom e.g. He, Ne, Ar (all noble gases are monatomic) Diatomic – composed of 2 atoms e.g. H2 , N2 , O….Examples.

Monatomic is a combination of two words “mono” and “atomic” means a single atom. The noble gases are monatomic gases as they are unreactive in nature which is a property of these gases. They do find applications in daily life like: Helium is used in filling balloons as their density is lower than that of the air.

for a mole of an ideal monatomic gas. for a mole of an ideal diatomic gas. for a mole of an ideal polyatomic gas….

Monatomic or monoatomic elements are elements that are stable as single atoms. Mon- or Mono- means one. In order for an element to be stable by itself, it needs to have a stable octet of valence electrons.

Polyatomic:- The elements that have more than two atoms bonded by a covalent bond are reffered to as polyatomic elements.

definition. In molecule. …than two atoms are termed polyatomic molecules, e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Polymer molecules may contain many thousands of component atoms.

The term polyatomic is used for a molecule or an ion which contains either two or more than two atoms. Sulphur is called polyatomic because each sulphur molecule is made up of 8 sulphur atoms. Thus, a molecule of sulphur is denoted by S8.

Any molecule that contains more than 2 atoms is polyatomic. So that would be ozone (O3), etc. Anything that consists of two or more atoms is called molecular, for example oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), benzene (C6H6), and way bigger like rotaxane or proteins or polymers.