Electromagnetic interference (EMI), also called radio-frequency interference (RFI) when in the radio frequency spectrum, is a disturbance generated by an external source that affects an electrical circuit by electromagnetic induction, electrostatic coupling, or conduction. EMI frequently affects AM radios.

Disturbance to the normal or expected operation of electrical or electronic devices, equipment, and systems. Electrical interference is sometimes called radio-frequency interference (RFI) or electromagnetic interference (EMI).

What Causes Interference? Interference occurs when undesired radio signals or electromagnetic “noise” sources are picked up by consumer electronics products -most often telephones, audio equipment, VCRs or TVs. It usually results in noise, unwanted voices or distorted TV pictures. In most cases, the source is nearby.

EMI DEFINED. EMI is the general term used for electrical signals that interfere with the normal operation of electronic equipment. Also, EMI can degrade the performance of equipment, introduce errors or operational faults, or cause complete failure.

The simplest way to reduce magnetically induced interference is to use twisted pair wires. This applies both for shielded and unshielded cables and for interference caused by shield currents or from other sources. Twisting the wires forces them close together, reducing the loop area and therefore the induced voltage.

Use twisted pair shielded cable to carry instrumentation signals. Twisting the wires equalizes the effect of EMI on both wires, greatly reducing error due to EMI. Surrounding the instrument wires with a shield protects them from EMI, and provides a path for EMI-generated current to flow into ground.

Stopping It. There are two basic strategies to control RFI. The first prevents it from coupling in the first place by using filters or arc snubbers at the source, relocating equipment or rerouting cables, using signal path ground isolators or adding shielding or ferrite chokes to cables.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a serious and increasing form of environmental pollution. Its effects the range from minor annoyances because of crackles on broadcast reception, to potentially fatal accidents because of the corruption of safety-critical control systems.

Fibre optic cables are non-metallic… they transmit signals using pulses of light in glass threads! As a result, they are immune to Electro-Magnetic Interference and Radio Frequency Interference. In other terms, the integrity of signals is not affected by electrical noise in the environment.

Coaxial Internet Cables: Coaxial cables are high-frequency transmission cables made up of a single solid copper core that transfers data electrically over the inner conductor. Coax has 80X more transmission capacity than twisted-pair cables.

Non-conducting fiber cables (based on glass fibers or plastics) can be installed where high electric voltages occur. For example, a fiber can transmit power for a current transducer in a high-voltage transmission line. Such current sensors with an optical power isolator can replace bulky transformer systems.

There are two primary types of fibre – multimode and singlemode.

Single Mode fibers

Laser light

multimode fiber-optic cable

There are three types of fiber optic cable commonly used: single mode, multimode and plastic optical fiber (POF).

Multimode fiber-optic cabling

Types of Fiber Optic Connector

• LC Multimode.
• SC Multimode.
• ST Connector.
• SC Duplex Coupler.
• LC Duplex Coupler – note that two LC connectors fit in the same space as one SC.

LC stands for Lucent Connector and was developed by Lucent Technologies in the 1990s. LC connector is a small form-factor fiber optic connector and was developed to replace SC connector due to their smaller size. SC stands for Subscriber Connector or Square Connector or Standard Connector.

Fibers that are soluble, viscous and fermentable seem to be the healthiest, by far. Resistant starches are also incredibly healthy. Good sources of healthy fibers include vegetables, fruits, oats, legumes, nuts, dark chocolate, avocados, chia seeds and various other foods.

Network fiber cables have some definite advantages over copper cables.

• Greater Bandwidth. Copper cables were originally designed for voice transmission and have a limited bandwidth.
• Faster Speeds.
• Longer Distances.
• Better Reliability.
• Thinner and Sturdier.
• More Flexibility for the Future.
• Lower Total Cost of Ownership.

They are much thinner and lighter than metal wires. For security, fibers are difficult to tap. Have greater ductile strength thatn copper or steel fibers of the same diameter. On the other hand, the disadvantages are difficult to splice, installation is expensive, easy to becoming cut or damaged, and cannot be curved.

1. Fiber SC connector

• → SC stands for Subscriber Connector or a Square Connector.
• Advantage: SC connector plugs directly and very easy to use.
• Disadvantage: Is easy to fall out and twice as expensive as a ST.
• → FC is short for Ferrule Connector.

The main disadvantage of and SC connector is although its square body is easier to insert/take out, the body is larger than the LC connector which means it will take up more room than its newer cousin.

SC/ST connectors are used for connecting fiber-optic cabling to networking devices. SC stands for subscriber connector and ST stands for straight tip.

Types of Electrical Power Connectors

• Electrical Power Connector Types.
• AC Connectors.
• DC Connectors.
• Wire Connectors.
• Blade Connectors.
• Plug and Socket Connectors.
• Insulation-Piercing Connectors.
• Other Electrical Articles.

Electrical connectors are classified into three types based on their termination ends: board-to-board connectors, cable/wire-to-cable/wire connectors, and cable/wire-to-board connectors. Six levels of interconnection are normally seen in electrical connectors.

Plug and socket: There are two different formats for connectors, the male, and the female. The male part is known as the plug while the female is known as the socket.

There are three types of relationships that can be created with connections: one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many.