The collectivisation programme was started by Stalin. Under this programme, small landholdings of many peasants into one collective large farm. All large collectivised farms were cultivated by the farmers with the help of tools pooled together. The profits of the farms were shared among the cultivators.

Redistributing of

Under collectivization the peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farms (kolkhozy). The process was ultimately undertaken in conjunction with the campaign to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly.

Collectivization profoundly traumatized the peasantry. The forcible confiscation of meat and bread led to mutinies among the peasants. They even preferred to slaughter their cattle than hand it over to the collective farms. Sometimes the Soviet government had to bring in the army to suppress uprisings.

The drive to collectivize came without peasant support. The intent was to increase state grain procurements without giving the peasants the opportunity to withhold grain from the market. Collectivization would increase the total crop and food supply but the locals knew that they were not likely to benefit from it.

Answer:District Stalin government wanted to eliminate kulaks to develop modern farms and run them along industrial lines with machinary .

What happened to peasants and kulaks when they resisted collective farming? When peasants and kulaks resisted collective farming they were executed, shipped off to Siberia, or sent to work camps. Collective farming was vey successful, it produced almost twice the wheat then it had in 1928 before collective farming.

Some [kulaks] murdered officials, set the torch to the property of the collectives, and even burned their own crops and seed grain. Most of the victims were kulaks who had refused to sow their fields or had destroyed their crops.

Widespread famine ensued from collectivization and affected Ukraine, southern Russia, and other parts of the USSR, with the death toll estimated at between 5 and 10 million.

The combination of the elimination of kulaks, collectivization, and other repressive policies contributed to mass starvation in many parts of Soviet Ukraine and the death of at least 7 to 10 million peasants in 1930–1937.

They destroyed my family in a completely inhumane way.” Around 7.5 million people, including one million in Kazakhstan, are estimated to have died during the period of “dekulakization.” Many kulaks resorted to slaughtering their livestock and burning down their homes rather than seeing them confiscated.

The tentative historical consensus is that, of the 18 million people who passed through the gulag system from 1930 to 1953, between 1.5 and 1.7 million died as a result of their incarceration.

Almost immediately following the death of Stalin, the Soviet establishment took steps in dismantling the Gulag system. The Gulag system ended definitively six years later on 25 January 1960, when the remains of the administration were dissolved by Khrushchev.

kulaks

Siberia

1.1 million people

20 million Soviet

Gulag, acronym of Glavnoye Upravleniye Ispravitelno-Trudovykh Lagerey, (Russian: “Chief Administration of Corrective Labour Camps”), system of Soviet labour camps and accompanying detention and transit camps and prisons that from the 1920s to the mid-1950s housed the political prisoners and criminals of the Soviet …

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, The Gulag Archipelago has been officially published in Russia….The Gulag Archipelago.

Solzhenitsyn used the word archipelago as a metaphor for the camps, which were scattered through the sea of civil society like a chain of islands extending “from the Bering Strait almost to the Bosporus.”

1973

three volumes

Severnaya Zemlya, (Russian: “Northern Land”, ) also spelled Severnaja Zeml’a, or Severnaia Zemlia, archipelago, Krasnoyarsk kray (region), northern Russia. It lies in the Arctic Ocean between the Kara Sea (west) and Laptev Sea (east).

eight years

Bolshevik Island (Russian: о́стров Большеви́к, pronounced [ˈostrəf bəlʲʂɨˈvʲik]) is an island in Severnaya Zemlya, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Arctic….Bolshevik Island.

In Soviet times there were a number of research stations in different locations, but currently there are no human inhabitants in Severnaya Zemlya except for the Prima Polar Station near Cape Baranov. The largest glacier in the Russian Federation, the Academy of Sciences Glacier, is located in Severnaya Zemlya.