Lacosamide is an antiepileptic drug approved in the USA and Europe as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures. Studies suggest that lacosamide selectively enhances slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels and possibly interacts with collapsin response mediator protein-2.

Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug marketed since 2000. Its novel mechanism of action is modulation of synaptic neurotransmitter release through binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A in the brain.

Lamotrigine likely acts by inhibiting sodium currents by selective binding to the inactive sodium channel, suppressing the release of the excitatory amino acid, glutamate. The mechanism of action of lamotrigine in reducing anticonvulsant activity is likely the same in managing bipolar disorder.

4. Lacosamide oral solution is a federally controlled substance (C-V) because it can be abused or lead to drug dependence. Keep your lacosamide oral solution in a safe place, to protect it from theft.

Phenytoin is used to control certain type of seizures, and to treat and prevent seizures that may begin during or after surgery to the brain or nervous system. Phenytoin is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants. It works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

The therapeutic ranges for most adults have been established at 10.0-20.0 mcg/mL for total phenytoin (bound plus unbound) and 1.0-2.0 mcg/mL for free phenytoin (unbound only). This reference range for unbound phenytoin (free) was established based on an assumed 10% unbound drug fraction.

Taking levetiracetam with food may slow down the time it takes for the body to absorb the drug by about 1 hour. The highest blood levels are reached in 1 to 2 hours after taking a dose of this medicine.

The most common side effects of levetiracetam are headaches, feeling sleepy and a blocked nose or itchy throat. It can take a few weeks for levetiracetam to work. You may still have seizures during this time.

Therapeutic range: 3 – 14 mcg/mL. Comments: The proposed therapeutic range for seizure control is 3 – 14 μg/mL. Concentrations that exceed 15 μg/mL may contribute to adverse effects.

Lamotrigine enhances the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter that attenuates neuronal electrical activity associated with paroxysms.

Stopping seizure medicine suddenly in a patient who has epilepsy can cause seizures that will not stop (status epilepticus). VIMPAT can cause serious side effects, including: 1. Like other antiepileptic drugs, VIMPAT may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a very small number of people, about 1 in 500.

4. VIMPAT is a federally controlled substance (C-V) because it can be abused or lead to drug dependence. Keep your VIMPAT in a safe place, to protect it from theft. Never give your VIMPAT to anyone else, because it may harm them.

Partial Onset Seizures. 100 mg PO/IV q12hr initially, THEN, based on response and tolerability, increase dose at weekly intervals by 50 mg PO/IV BID; up to a recommended dose of 150-200 mg BID (300-400 mg/day) Alternate loading dose schedule: 200 mg PO/IV as a single loading dose, followed 12 hr later by 100 mg PO/IV BID;

Like other antiepileptic drugs, VIMPAT may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a very small number of people, about 1 in 500. Call a healthcare provider right away if you have any of these symptoms, especially if they are new, worse, or worry you: thoughts about suicide or dying. attempt to commit suicide.