Four key economic concepts—scarcity, supply and demand, costs and benefits, and incentives—can help explain many decisions that humans make.

Scientific models are based on a set of observations. Scientific models can be used for a variety of different purposes. Scientific models are based on current knowledge, which can limit their effectiveness when new discoveries are made.

Economic theory is useful since you can use it to compute answers to problems. They aren’t always the right answers—that depends on whether the model you have is right. (Or, at least, whether it is good enough for the purposes at hand.)

the ideas and priniciples that aim to describe how economies work: a particular idea or principle that aims to describe how an economy works: He disagreed with supply-side economic theories.

In its most simple and concise definition, economics is the study of how society uses its limited resources. Economics is a social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Macroeconomics – the branch of economics that studies the overall working of a national economy.

Key points Keynesian economics is based on two main ideas. First, aggregate demand is more likely than aggregate supply to be the primary cause of a short-run economic event like a recession. Second, wages and prices can be sticky, and so, in an economic downturn, unemployment can result.

Criticisms of Keynesian Economics Borrowing causes higher interest rates and financial crowding out. Keynesian economics advocated increasing a budget deficit in a recession. However, it is argued this causes crowding out. For a government to borrow more, the interest rate on bonds rises.

In brief, Keynes’s policy of socialising investment was intended to give government far more control over the economy than is commonly recognised. The evidence shows Keynes considered himself a socialist. Moreover, the evidence confirms that he must be defined as a socialist.