Two main natural textural groupings exist for sedimentary rocks: clastic (or fragmental) and nonclastic (essentially crystalline). Noncarbonate chemical…

Types

• Regional.
• Contact (thermal)
• Hydrothermal.
• Shock.
• Dynamic.
• Metamorphic facies.
• Metamorphic grades.
• Recrystallization.

Sedimentary texture encompasses three fundamental properties of sedimentary rocks: grain size, grain shape (form, roundness, and surface texture [microrelief] of grains), and fabric (grain packing and orientation).

Texture plays a very important part in sedimentary rocks, because the petrophysical properties of a rock, hence its porosity and permeability, depend essentially on texture. Figure 3-1 shows the constituent minerals of the different textural components, depending on the type of detrital rocks.

sedimentary rocks are Basanite, Limestone, Coal, Sandstone, Novaculite and many more. The different features of sedimentary rocks are: They are deposited in layers as strata, forming a structure called bedding.

Sediments are usually formed from matter which falls to the bottom of oceans and lakes. The matter includes tiny pieces of other rocks, and dead animals, plants and microorganisms. Also, inorganic chemicals may be precipitated from solution in the water.

Sedimentary Rock Textures. In clastic sediments the sedimentary texture includes the grain size, rounding, and sorting of the grains, all of which are related to what happened to the sediment during the weathering-to-deposition process.

For example, sand and silt can be carried in suspension in river water and on reaching the sea bed deposited by sedimentation; if buried, they may eventually become sandstone and siltstone (sedimentary rocks) through lithification. Desert sand dunes and loess are examples of aeolian transport and deposition.

1 : the matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid. 2 : material deposited by water, wind, or glaciers. sediment. verb. sed·​i·​ment | / ˈse-də-ˌment /

Erosion can move sediment through water, ice, or wind. Water can wash sediment, such as gravel or pebbles, down from a creek, into a river, and eventually to that river’s delta. Deltas, river banks, and the bottom of waterfalls are common areas where sediment accumulates.

The terms, in order of decreasing size, are boulder (> 256 mm), cobble (256-64 mm), pebble (64-2 mm), sand (2-1/16 mm), silt (1/16-1/256 mm), and clay (< 1/256 mm).

The size classes used to describe clastic sedimentary rocks are, from smallest to largest: clay and silt (mud size); fine and coarse (sand size); pebbles, cobbles, and boulders (gravel size). What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?

Starting with the finest, clay particles are smaller than 0.002 mm in diameter. Some clay particles are so small that ordinary microscopes do not show them. Silt particles are from 0.002 to 0.05 mm in diameter.