Operating cycle of PLC There are four steps in PLC operations. They are (1) Input scan, (2) Program scan, (3) Output scan, and (4) Housekeeping.

The scan cycle is the cycle of which the PLC gathers the inputs, runs your PLC program and then updates the outputs. This will take some amount of time often measured in milliseconds or ms. The amount of time it takes for the PLC to make one scan cycle is called the scan time of the PLC.

There are four basic steps in the operation of all PLCs; Input Scan, Program Scan, Output Scan, and Housekeeping. These steps continually take place in a repeating loop.

Description. Scan Time refers to the amount of Time that CPU takes to execute the Ladder Program, Read Input, Update Output Status and Support Communication. Therefore, the larger the program is, the longer the Scan Time will be.

For example: One can employ PLC programming for Automatic Car-washing, to Control Traffic Lights, Sequencing of Light Controls, Movement of Motors in Forward and Backward directions, Generation of Outputs based on Mathematical Functions and Equations, Level Control of Tanks (Two Tanks, Series Tank, Parallel Tank).

The two main types of PLC are fixed / compact PLC and modular PLC….Modular PLC

• Allen Bradley.
• ABB.
• Siemens.
• Mitsubishi PLC.
• Hitachi PLC.
• Delta PLC.
• General Electric (GE) PLC.
• Honeywell PLC.

These three PLC components are: processor, power supply, and an input/output (I/O) section.

PLCs are complex and powerful computers. But, we can describe the function of a PLC in simple terms. The PLC takes inputs, performs logic on the inputs in the CPU and then turns on or off outputs based on that logic. The CPU monitors the status of the inputs (ex.

A professional learning community, or PLC, is a group of educators that meets regularly, shares expertise, and works collaboratively to improve teaching skills and the academic performance of students.

As a result of extensive research, they cited five elements of a professional community: (1) reflective dialogue, (2) focus on student learning, (3) interaction among Page 7 teacher colleagues, (4) collaboration, and (5) shared values and norms.

The PLC model gives schools a framework to form high- performing, collaborative teams of teachers that are all united toward the improvement of student learning. During collaborative team meetings, teachers share their concerns, reflect on their teaching strategies, and make decisions based on data.

• 6 Essential Characteristics of a PLC.
• Shared mission, vision, values, goals.
• Collaborative teams focused on learning.
• Collective inquiry.
• Action orientation and experimentation.
• Commitment to Continuous improvement.
• Results orientation.

Members in a PLC come together to build a collective understanding of how all their learners learn and how to improve it. Through activities such as lesson study, team teaching and action research, teachers learn to look beyond their own classroom.

Popularized by Rick DuFour, the four critical questions of a PLC include:

• What do we want all students to know and be able to do?
• How will we know if they learn it?
• How will we respond when some students do not learn?
• How will we extend the learning for students who are already proficient?

How to create a winning professional learning community at your school

1. Educate your team on what a PLC really means.
2. Start with learning.
3. Embrace a collaborative culture built on trust.
4. Decide together how things should run.
5. Set SMART goals.
6. Consider bringing in outside help.
7. Know that these things take time.

A three-pronged strategy to improve teaching and learning

1. Creating a school specific framework for teaching and learning – called the 12 Pillars of Learning.
2. Coaching – peer-to-peer, leadership team to teaching staff, teacher to support staff.
3. Links to other schools giving teachers the chance to see and share practice other than their own.

Here are some of the effective classroom management strategies to help you create an environment that’s conducive to teaching and learning.

1. Establish a positive relationship with your students.
2. Encourage questions.
3. Praise your students.
4. Organize group projects.
5. Engage in 2-way feedback.

Technology also motivates students to learn. They look forward to having time on their devices to explore and learn things through websites, videos, apps, and games. Students can learn and have fun at the same time, which helps them stay engaged with the material.

Teaching strategies refer to methods used to help students learn the desired course contents and be able to develop achievable goals in the future. Teaching strategies identify the different available learning methods to enable them to develop the right strategy to deal with the target group identified.

Teacher-Centered Methods of Instruction

• Direct Instruction (Low Tech)
• Flipped Classrooms (High Tech)
• Kinesthetic Learning (Low Tech)
• Differentiated Instruction (Low Tech)
• Inquiry-based Learning (High Tech)
• Expeditionary Learning (High Tech)
• Personalized Learning (High Tech)
• Game-based Learning (High Tech)

Strategy instruction is a teaching practice that shows students how to learn the content or skills they need to acquire. It provides students with clear strategies (such as note-taking or thinking aloud) to help them process, remember, and express the information they learn.

The main goal of learning strategies is to get students to become more effective learners. Research on the topic has shown us plenty of different ways to do that. But the three most famous learning strategies are mnemonic, structural, and generative.

In the contemporary classroom, five distinct teaching styles have emerged as the primary strategies adopted by modern teachers: The Authority Style, The Delegator Style, The Facilitator Style, The Demonstrator Style and The Hybrid Style.

Jigsaw is a cooperative learning strategy that enables each student of a “home” group to specialize in one aspect of a topic (for example, one group studies habitats of rainforest animals, another group studies predators of rainforest animals).

Jigsaws are best used for cutting shapes and curves in wood with its narrow blade, which is attached to the tool’s body by a spring-loaded clamp at the front. The blade’s sharp teeth are measured in TPI, or teeth per inch. A higher TPI gives a smoother cut that requires less sanding.

Jigsaw activities are a specific type of information gap activity that work best when used with the whole class. The class is first divided into groups of four to six learners who are then given some information on a particular aspect of the topic which they then become the experts in.

sharp power tool

Jigsaw Synonyms – WordHippo Thesaurus….What is another word for jigsaw?

jigsaw puzzle	zigsaw
puzzle	Chinese puzzle
picture puzzle	tangram