When the lava cools and hardens on the earth’s surface, it is called volcanic igneous rock. If the magma cools and hardens under the ground, it is called plutonic igneous rock. Over a long period of time the sediment hardens into rock. That is how sedimentary rock is formed.

Sedimentary rocks start forming when soil and other materials on the Earth’s surface are eroded and finally settle down, forming one layer of sediments. As time passes, more and more materials get eroded and settle on the older layers. Thus, layer upon layer is formed.

igneous rocks

There are three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Each of these rocks are formed by physical changes—such as melting, cooling, eroding, compacting, or deforming—that are part of the rock cycle. Sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of other existing rock or organic material.

Earth > If Rocks Could Talk > Three Types of Rock

• Igneous rocks are formed from melted rock deep inside the Earth.
• Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sand, silt, dead plants, and animal skeletons.
• Metamorphic rocks formed from other rocks that are changed by heat and pressure underground.

boulder. noun. a very large rock or piece of stone.

Mechanical weathering (also called physical weathering) breaks rock into smaller pieces. These smaller pieces are just like the bigger rock, just smaller. That means the rock has changed physically without changing its composition.

Use a small hammer to lightly tap on the top of the chisel to make sure that it’s firmly implanted in the rock. Hammer on the chisels to break the rock. Depending on the size of the rock, use a hammer or sledgehammer to hammer in the chisels into their respective holes, alternating between them on each swing.

A monocline is a simple bend in the rock layers so that they are no longer horizontal. Anticlines are folded rocks that arch upward and dip away from the center of the fold. The oldest rocks are at the center of an anticline and the youngest are draped over them.

Fast-flowing rivers can transport large rocks, but slow-moving rivers can only transport tiny pieces of rock. As the pieces of rock are carried along by the water, they bash against each other and the river bed. They gradually wear away because of this. They become smaller and more rounded.

It does not involve the removal of rock material. There are three types of weathering, physical, chemical and biological.

Often, waterfalls form as streams flow from soft rock to hard rock. This happens both laterally (as a stream flows across the earth) and vertically (as the stream drops in a waterfall). In both cases, the soft rock erodes, leaving a hard ledge over which the stream falls.

Attrition – wearing down of the load as the rocks and pebbles hit the river bed and each other, breaking into smaller and more rounded pieces. Chemical action (corrosion ) – water dissolves minerals from the rocks and washes them away.

Abrasion- Rocks collide causing the rocks to chip and become smooth. resistance- the sand creates resistance and acts like sand paper to smooth the rocks. motion of the water- The motion of the water pushes the rocks and causes the rocks to collide with the rocks and stream beds.

concretions

The formation of river rocks requires moving water and smaller rocks. Rocks easily eroded by water more likely form river rocks. Typical rocks with jagged edges can fall into the bottom of a river or stream bed or remain on the river bank. The speed of the river determines how quickly the rock becomes a river rock.

River rocks can be sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic depending on the particular geography of the river where the rocks were found. A river that flows through a volcanic area is sure to have igneous rocks, for example.

The Short Answer. Using a rock tumbler to convert rough rock into polished stones can take as little as one week to as long as two months.

A river forms from water moving from a higher elevation to a lower elevation, all due to gravity. When rain falls on the land, it either seeps into the ground or becomes runoff, which flows downhill into rivers and lakes, on its journey towards the seas. Rivers eventually end up flowing into the oceans.

8 Different Types of Streams

• Alluvial Fans. When a stream leaves an area that is relatively steep and enters one that is almost entirely flat, this is called an alluvial fan.
• Braided Streams.
• Deltas.
• Ephemeral Streams.
• Intermittent Streams.
• Meandering Streams.
• Perennial Streams.
• Straight Channel Streams.

Water leaves rivers when it flows into lakes and oceans. The river drops the sand and pebbles that it carried when it reaches a delta. Why don’t rivers run out of water? At the same time water is leaving a river, more water from precipitation and melting snow and ice is joining it.

1. Toward the middle of a river, water tends to flow fastest; toward the margins of the river it tends to flow slowest. 2. In a meandering river, water will tend to flow fastest along the outside bend of a meander, and slowest on the inside bend.

The Everglades

A stream bed or streambed is the channel bottom of a stream or river, the physical confine of the normal water flow. The lateral confines or channel margins are known as the stream banks or river banks, during all but flood stage.

What three factors affect how fast a river flows and how much sediment it can erode? A river’s slope, volume of flow, and the shape of its streambed.

Nile River

Flow patterns in a fluid (gas or liquid) depend on three factors: the characteristics of the fluid, the speed of flow, and the shape of the solid surface. Three characteristics of the fluid are of special importance: viscosity, density, and compressibility.

A watershed is an area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet such as the outflow of a reservoir, mouth of a bay, or any point along a stream channel.

The physical breakdown of rock involves breaking rock down into smaller pieces through mechanical weathering processes. These processes include abrasion, frost wedging, pressure release (unloading), and organic activity. 1. Abrasion is the grinding of rock by impact and friction during transportation.

Rock abrasion occurs when rocks collide with one another or rub against one another. Collisions, if they are strong enough, can cause pieces of rock to break into two or more pieces, or cause small chips to be broken off a large piece.

As simple as it looks, the jack hammer shows how the power in air can be compressed even as much as breaking rocks and concrete. As the case may be, air can be as powerful as it can be. Talk about the hurricanes and tornadoes and when channeled into the right devices, you can achieve ground breaking exploits.

What should have happened: Lemon juice and vinegar are both weak acids. The lemon juice contains citric acid and the vinegar contains acetic acid. These mild acids can dissolve rocks that contain calcium carbonate.

Rocks have three possible responses to increasing stress (illustrated in Figure below): elastic deformation: the rock returns to its original shape when the stress is removed. plastic deformation: the rock does not return to its original shape when the stress is removed. fracture: the rock breaks.

If more stress is applied to the rock, it bends and flows. It does not return to its original shape. Near the surface, if the stress continues, the rock will fracture and break. With increasing stress, the rock deforms and may eventually fracture.

A rock’s response to stress depends on the rock type, the surrounding temperature, and pressure conditions the rock is under, the length of time the rock is under stress, and the type of stress.

There are three main types of fault which can cause earthquakes: normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip.