You will notice the rain water moving through areas like a stream carrying debris such as soil and rocks to other places. Finally, once the movement of sediment, such as pebbles, sand, mud, or even boulders are reach their final (or temporary) resting place, it is called deposition.

Introduction. Sedimentation is the process of allowing particles in suspension in water to settle out of the suspension under the effect of gravity. The particles that settle out from the suspension become sediment, and in water treatment is known as sludge.

Deposition is the laying down of sediment carried by wind, water, or ice. Sediment can be transported as pebbles, sand & mud, or as salts dissolved in water.

Sediment moves from one place to another through the process of erosion. Erosion can move sediment through water, ice, or wind.

The general term used to refer to the force that moves sediment is erosion. This erosion is described as the removal and transportation of sediment. Sediment varies drastically in size, and can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a boulder.

The terms, in order of decreasing size, are boulder (> 256 mm), cobble (256-64 mm), pebble (64-2 mm), sand (2-1/16 mm), silt (1/16-1/256 mm), and clay (< 1/256 mm). The modifiers in decreasing size order, are very coarse, coarse, medium, fine, and very fine.

Sediments are classified according to their size. In order to define them from the smallest size to the largest size: clay, silt, sand, pebble, cobble, and boulder.

Sediments are also classified by origin. There are four types: lithogenous, hydrogenous, biogenous and cosmogenous. Lithogenous sediments come from land via rivers, ice, wind and other processes. Biogenous sediments come from organisms like plankton when their exoskeletons break down.

Lithogenous or terrigenous sediment is primarily composed of small fragments of preexisting rocks that have made their way into the ocean. These sediments can contain the entire range of particle sizes, from microscopic clays to large boulders , and they are found almost everywhere on the ocean floor.

– Sediment layers are thickest near the continents, the source of lithogenous material, and thinner farther out to sea.

Lithogenic Sediments: Detrital products of pre-existing rocks (igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary) and of volcanic ejecta and extraterrestrial material. Transport by rivers, ice, winds. Nomenclature based on grain size (gravel, sand, silt, clay).

There are three kinds of sea floor sediment: terrigenous, pelagic, and hydrogenous. Terrigenous sediment is derived from land and usually deposited on the continental shelf, continental rise, and abyssal plain.

1) Terrigenous Sediments: These sediments originate from the continents from erosion, volcanism and wind transported material. These are the most abundant sediments.

Hydrogenous sediments are sediments directly precipitated from water. Examples include rocks called evaporites formed by the evaporation of salt bearing water (seawater or briny freshwater).

Hydrogenous sediments are made up of dissolved material in the ocean water. Examples include sediments made from manganese, iron an other metals.

Cosmogenous sediments

Several types have been identified: hydrogenous—formed from seawater; diagenetic—formed as a result of diagenetic redox reactions in sediments; and hydrothermal—formed in association with geochemical processes associated with hydrothermal circulation through the mid-ocean ridge system.

Authigenic (also called Hydrogenous) sediments are deposited directly from seawater through chemical reactions. Examples are metalliferous sediments that precipitate from hydrothermal vents (black smokers) and manganese nodules in low sedimentation rate regions.

Which of the following are hydrogenous sediments? _______ sediments are those that are generated on land. Which scenario would generate hydrogenous sediments to create sedimentary rocks? -hot water leaving the oceanic crust and coming in contact with cold seawater at black smokers.

Cosmogenous sediment is derived from extraterrestrial sources, and comes in two primary forms; microscopic spherules and larger meteor debris. Like spherules, meteor debris is mostly silica or iron and nickel. One interesting form of debris from these collisions are tektites , which are small droplets of glass.

Biogenous sediments are formed from the insoluble remains of living organisms, such as shells, bones, and teeth (Davis, 1985; Cronin et al., 2003). They can be grouped in three major categories: calcareous biogenous sediments, siliceous biogenous sediments, and phosphatic biogenous sediments.

Radiolarian tests often display a number of rays protruding from their shells which aid in buoyancy. Oozes that are dominated by diatom or radiolarian tests are called siliceous oozes.