The pistil typically sticks out beyond the stamens, or a flower’s male organs, so that insects can easily brush up against the pistil. This helps transfer pollen and fertilize the seeds in the ovaries.

Stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower, while pistil is the female reproductive part of a flower. The stamen is surrounded by anther and filament. The anthers produce pollen grains.

The primary purpose of the flower is reproduction. Since the flowers are the reproductive organs of the plant, they mediate the joining of the sperm, contained within pollen, to the ovules — contained in the ovary. Pollination is the movement of pollen from the anthers to the stigma.

The fruit serves as a physical barrier between the seed or seeds and the external environment during seed development. Fruits serve as a diaspore in which they carry the seeds inside and transport them to other locations to grow.

The two functions of fruit are- Fruit protects the seed Fruits also help in dispersal of seed by attracting insects.

• Fruit protects the seed.
• Fruits also help in dispersal of seed by attracting insects.

As with all aerial plant organs, fleshy fruits are encased in a hydrophobic cuticle that must fulfil multiple functions, including limiting desiccation and preventing microbial infection, which in the case of fruits maintains palatability and promotes seed dispersal.

Ripening is a process in fruits that causes them to become more palatable. In general, fruit becomes sweeter, less green (typically “redder”), and softer as it ripens.

Types of fruit

• Drupe – has fleshy fruit and a single seed with a hard endocarp eg peaches, coconut and olives.
• Berry – has many seeds eg tomatoes, peppers and cucumber but not strawberries!
• Aggregate fruit – develop from one flower with many pistils eg strawberries.
• Legumes – split along two sides eg beans, peas.

Quality factors for fruits include the following— maturity, firmness, the uniformity of size and shape, the absence of defects, skin and flesh color. Many of the same quality factors are described for vegetables, with the addition of texture-related attributes such as turgidity, toughness, and tenderness.

The middle layer or mesocarp of the fruit wall is responsible for the color of both ripe and unripe fruits. The cells of the mesocarp contain plastids, which in the unripe fruit usually contain chlorophyl.

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called “plantains”, distinguishing them from dessert bananas.

Cotyledon, seed leaf within the embryo of a seed. Cotyledons help supply the nutrition a plant embryo needs to germinate and become established as a photosynthetic organism and may themselves be a source of nutritional reserves or may aid the embryo in metabolizing nutrition stored elsewhere in the seed.

: the middle layer of a pericarp — see endocarp illustration.

Germination, the sprouting of a seed, spore, or other reproductive body, usually after a period of dormancy. The absorption of water, the passage of time, chilling, warming, oxygen availability, and light exposure may all operate in initiating the process. cotyledons and germination.

The endocarp is the innermost layer of the pericarp, which directly surrounds the seeds. In some cases, such as lychee, longan, and pomegranate, the edible portion of the fruit is not derived from the pericarp but the aril, which is the fleshy cover of some seeds, usually arising from the funiculus.

The simple succulent fruits are of 3 types – drupe, pome and berrie. 1. Drupe: The pericarp or fruit wall is differentiated into thin epicarp (skin) fleshy mesocarp and stony endocarp.Hence.it is also called as stone fruit, e.g., Mango, Coconut, Peach, Almond, Trapa etc.

Accessory fruits (sometimes called false fruits) are not derived from the ovary, but from another part of the flower, such as the receptacle (strawberry) or the hypanthium (apples and pears). Furthermore, fruits can be divided into dehiscent or indehiscent types.

On the basis of the formation of fruits, they are classified into two types – true fruits and false fruits. True fruits are developed from the ovary only. Banana is a fleshy fruit – berry. Pome is a false fruit in which the edible part is thalamus where the true fruit remains embedded.

There are four types—simple, aggregate, multiple, and accessory fruits.

fruit. They are dehiscent if the pericarp splits open at maturity and releases the seeds, or indehiscent if the pericarp remains intact when the fruit is shed from the plant.

One example of a dehiscent fruit is the silique. This fruit develops from a gynoecium composed of two fused carpels, which, upon fertilization, grow to become a silique that contains the developing seeds. After seed maturation, dehiscence takes place, and valves detach from the central septum freeing the seeds.

ANSWER: Banana is not a dehiscent fruit, but a berry because it is developed from one ovary. EXPLANATION: Literally, banana is a ‘seedless parthenocarpic edible fruit’ produced from a single ovary without pollination and fertilization.

A nut can be defined as a one- seeded fruit. With that loose definition, a coconut can also be a nut. However, a coconut is not a true nut. A true nut, such as the acorn, are indehiscent or do not open at maturity to release its seeds.

Figure 01: Dehiscent Fruits Some examples for dehiscent follicles are cotton, eucalyptus, horse chestnut, jimson weed, mahogany and witch hazel.

There are a few fruits formed from a group of flowers (inflorescence) rather than just one, but which form only one fruit. These are Sorosis, as in the Mulberry (Morus), Syngonium, as in the Fig (Ficus), and Coenocarpium, as in the Pineapple (Ananas). A Follicle is a dry dehiscent fruit which splits on one side only.

Despite having the word “nut” in its name, a coconut is a fruit — not a nut. In fact, a coconut falls under a subcategory known as drupes, which are defined as fruits that have an inner flesh and seed surrounded by a hard shell. This includes a variety of fruits, such as peaches, pears, walnuts, and almonds ( 2 ).