The substance being dissolved is called the solute and the liquid doing the dissolving is called the solvent. In order for a substance to dissolve, the molecules of the solute need to interact with the molecules of the solvent.

The dissolved substance of a solution is called the solute. The substance it is dissolved in is called the solvent.

In a NaCl solution (salt-water), the solvent is water. A solute is the component in a solution in the lesser amount. In a NaCl solution, the salt is the solute.

Solvent Examples

• Water.
• Ethanol.
• Methanol.
• Acetone.
• Tetrachloroethylene.
• Toluene.
• Methyl acetate.
• Ethyl acetate.

Solute Examples

Solute	Solution	Solvent
Salt	Seawater	Water
Sugar, dissolved carbon dioxide	Soda	Water
Oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, argon	Air	Nitrogen
Chromium	Stainless Steel	Iron

Examples of Solutions in Everyday Life

• antifreeze – The substance that keeps a car’s radiator from freezing up during the winter is a solution of water and ethylene glycol.
• mouthwash – The minty liquid that keeps your breath smelling fresh is one or more chemicals, such as cetylpyridinium chloride, dissolved in water.

A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solvent. Coffee is dissolved in hot water, (the solvent) and forms a solution (cup of coffee).

Explanation: Milk has: water, proteins, fats, lactose, minerals, and vitamins. Among these: Lactose, some minerals, water soluble vitamins are dissolved in water. So they can be considered as solutes and water is their solvent.

(A solute is anything the solvent dissolves.) In hot chocolate, the hot water or milk acts as the solvent to dissolve the cocoa powder, the solute.

Nitrogen makes up the largest portion of air, so it is the solvent. Other gases present, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, are solutes.

What’s Your State?

Type of Solution: Example	Solute	Solvent
Gas dissolved in liquid: carbonated water	carbon dioxide	water
Liquid dissolved in gas: moist air	water	air
Liquid dissolved in liquid: vinegar	acetic acid	water
Solid dissolved in liquid: sweet tea	sugar	tea

(i) Tea can be prepared by following steps:Take 100ml of water as solvent and boil it few minutes. Here sugar, tea leaves and milk are solute. (iii) Now boil it again for few minutes so that sugar will dissolves in solution as sugar is soluble in water. (iv) Now filter the solution.

In aerated or carbonated drinks, the solvent is water and the solute(s) is carbon dioxide gas and flavorings (including a sweetener).

The dissolving medium is called the solvent, and the dissolved material is called the solute. For example, syrups are solutions of sugar, a solid, in water, a liquid; household ammonia is a solution of ammonia gas in water; and vinegar is a solution of acetic acid, a liquid, in water.

Liquid ammonia will dissolve Group 1 (alkali) metals and other electropositive metals such as calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium, aluminum, europium, and ytterbium.

Ammonia is a typical weak base. Ammonia itself obviously doesn’t contain hydroxide ions, but it reacts with water to produce ammonium ions and hydroxide ions. However, the reaction is reversible, and at any one time about 99% of the ammonia is still present as ammonia molecules.

11.6

The pH of Ammonia Since pH is the negative log of hydrogen cation concentration, increasing this lowers the pH, negating the mildly basic pH of ammonia. So while ammonia has a basic pH, the processes that create it in an aquarium produce enough hydrogen ions to overcome this and lower the pH.

Lower pH levels will have a higher concentration of ammonium, and higher pH levels will have higher concentration of ammonia. The concentration levels are directly proportional to the pH. As the pH rises, the concentration (toxicity) of the ammonia also increases.

about 5

Fruits and fruit juices high in acid limes (pH: 2.00–2.80) blue plums (pH: 2.80–3.40) grapes (pH: 2.90–3.82) pomegranates (pH: 2.93–3.20)

Lemon juice in its natural state is acidic with a pH of about 2, but once metabolized it actually becomes alkaline with a pH well above 7.

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where anything with a pH of less than 7 is considered acidic. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH greater than 7 is considered akaline. Scientists have recorded a pH level of between 3.3 to 6.5 for different types of honey, so honey is therefore acidic.

The Antioxidants in It Are Linked to Other Beneficial Effects on Heart Health. Again, honey is a rich source of phenols and other antioxidant compounds. Many of these have been linked to a reduced risk of heart disease ( 8 ). They may help the arteries in your heart dilate, increasing blood flow to your heart.

Acid forming foods are amongst others meat, dairy products, chocolate, bread and all kind of other yeast products, alcohol, carbonated drinks and coffee and tea.

Some examples of acidic foods to avoid are:

• Fresh and processed meats.
• Eggs.
• Beans.
• Oilseeds.
• Salt.
• High-sodium condiments.
• Some types of cheese.
• Certain grains.