symbol T

Period is usually represented by the symbol T. Figure 1: The period of a periodically varying quantity may be measured between successive equivalent points on a plot of the quantity over time.

1. To find the amplitude, wavelength, period, and frequency of a sinusoidal wave, write down the wave function in the form y(x,t)=Asin(kx−ωt+ϕ).
2. The amplitude can be read straight from the equation and is equal to A.
3. The period of the wave can be derived from the angular frequency (T=2πω).

seconds

Question of the Day: Ocean Waves #2

1. Facts:
2. The formula for travel time is: time (secs) =distance (km)/speed (km/sec)
3. A wave is a deep water wave if the depth > wavelength/2.
4. A wave is a shallow water wave if depth < wavelength/20. To figure out whether it’s a deep or shallow water wave, you need to find its wavelength. a) The formula for wavelength vs.

While they are in deep water, far offshore, the slowest wave components with the shortest period and the smallest distance between crests could be traveling at less than 5 miles per hour. The components with the longest periods could be moving at more than 35 miles per hour.

Wave period is the distance between two waves passing through a stationary point, measured in seconds. When it comes reading forecast graphs, swell period is definitely the magic number.

In the case of a wave, the speed is the distance traveled by a given point on the wave (such as a crest) in a given interval of time. In equation form, If the crest of an ocean wave moves a distance of 20 meters in 10 seconds, then the speed of the ocean wave is 2.0 m/s.

Summary. Wave speed is the distance a wave travels in a given amount of time, such as the number of meters it travels per second. Wave speed is related to wavelength and wave frequency by the equation: Speed = Wavelength x Frequency.

Waves are created by energy passing through water, causing it to move in a circular motion. The ocean is never still. Waves transmit energy, not water, across the ocean and if not obstructed by anything, they have the potential to travel across an entire ocean basin. Waves are most commonly caused by wind.

approximately 332 metres per second

Sound waves are travelling vibrations of particles in media such as air, water or metal. So it stands to reason that they cannot travel through empty space, where there are no atoms or molecules to vibrate.

vacuum

solids

While sound moves at a much faster speed in the water than in air , the distance that sound waves travel is primarily dependent upon ocean temperature and pressure. This causes the speed of sound to increase and makes the sound waves refract upward.

The speed of sound through air is about 340 meters per second. Light will travel through a vacuum at 300 million meters per second. So they’re totally different scales. No information can propagate faster than the speed of light.

Sound is a type of energy made by vibrations. These vibrations create sound waves which move through mediums such as air, water and wood. When an object vibrates, it causes movement in the particles of the medium.

In general, soft, pliable, or porous materials (like cloths) serve as good acoustic insulators – absorbing most sound, whereas dense, hard, impenetrable materials (such as metals) reflect most.

Sound travels fastest through solids, slower through liquids and slowest through gases.

The best materials for carrying sound waves include some metals such as aluminum, and hard substances like diamond.

The following precautions help to reduce whole-body vibration exposure: Mechanically isolate the vibrating source or surface to reduce exposure. Ensure that equipment is well maintained to avoid excessive vibration. Install vibration damping seats.

thick, can substantially reduce structure-borne vibrations before they produce annoying sound or destructive resonance. It also reduces vibration. Vibration dampers and sound-absorbing foam should be selected so they both absorb in the same low-frequency range produced by the machinery.

Unlike pure viscous- or elastic-based materials, Sorbothane reduces vibrations over millions of cycles without degrading. Because it’s a visco-elastic material, it absorbs, isolates, and reduces vibrations simultaneously.

They are necessary in systems that convey high-temperature substances such as steam or exhaust gases, or to absorb movement and vibration. The most common type of bellows is made of metal (most commonly stainless steel), plastic (such as PTFE), fabric (such as glass fiber), or an elastomer such as rubber.

Sand is commonly used in the construction of suspended floors for example, to dampen low frequency vibration and to isolate one recording environment from another. Sand is one of the best materials available for isolation using the MAM principle.

Vibration can be caused by one or more factors at any given time, the most common being imbalance, misalignment, wear and looseness. Imbalance – A “heavy spot” in a rotating component will cause vibration when the unbalanced weight rotates around the machine’s axis, creating a centrifugal force.

Classification of vibration

1. First classification: Free and Forced Vibrations.
2. Free vibrations.
3. Forced vibrations – are vibrations of the system that is subjected to an external force, the resulting vibration is known as forced vibration.
4. Second Classification: Undamped and Damped Vibration.

As the vibration exposure continues, the pain may develop into an injury or disease. Vibration can cause changes in tendons, muscles, bones and joints, and can affect the nervous system. Collectively, these effects are known as Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS).

There are two types of vibration: whole body vibration and hand-arm vibration – both can cause ill health.