White-colored surfaces such white paint reflect most of the radiation and therefore the albedo value is around 1. Dark-colored surfaces such as gravel and asphalt absorb most of the radiation and have low albedo values closer to 0. This also explains why darker-colored surfaces have higher temperatures.

Which statement best describes the effect of texture on absorption of radiant energy? Rough surfaces absorb more energy than smooth surfaces.

The type of land surface that will most likely absorb the greatest amount of incoming solar radiation is a rough, dark-colored surface type of land. Black colored objects convert all the light wavelengths into heat, so it gets warmer.

The forest will likely absorb the most insolation because it has a dark color and a rough texture. The copper pennies would have the greatest temperature change because copper has the lowest specific heat (ESRT page 1).

Materials that absorb sunlight well include dark surfaces, water and metal. The sun’s light energy arrives as a mixture of visible light, ultraviolet and infrared; some materials absorb all these wavelengths well, while others are better suited to a certain restricted types of light.

Geiger Counter, with Geiger-Mueller (GM) Tube or Probe—A GM tube is a gas-filled device that, when a high voltage is applied, creates an electrical pulse when radiation interacts with the wall or gas in the tube. These pulses are converted to a reading on the instrument meter.

Radiation Detection and Survey Devices

• Geiger Mueller (GM) Detectors with Pancake Probes.
• Alpha Radiation Survey Meter.
• Dose Rate Meter.
• Personal Dosimeters.
• Portal Monitors.