Glaciers deposit their sediment when they melt. Landforms deposited by glaciers include drumlins, kettle lakes, and eskers.

The resulting erosional landforms include striations, cirques, glacial horns, arêtes, trim lines, U-shaped valleys, roches moutonnées, overdeepenings and hanging valleys. U-shaped, or trough, valley: U-shaped valleys are created by mountain glaciers.

Glacier Landforms

• U-Shaped Valleys, Fjords, and Hanging Valleys. Glaciers carve a set of distinctive, steep-walled, flat-bottomed valleys.
• Cirques.
• Nunataks, Arêtes, and Horns.
• Lateral and Medial Moraines.
• Terminal and Recessional Moraines.
• Glacial Till and Glacial Flour.
• Glacial Erratics.
• Glacial Striations.

Fjords, glaciated valleys, and horns are all erosional types of landforms, created when a glacier cuts away at the landscape. Other types of glacial landforms are created by the features and sediments left behind after a glacier retreats.

There are numerous types of glaciers, but it is sufficient here to focus on two broad classes: mountain, or valley, glaciers and continental glaciers, or ice sheets, (including ice caps). For information about other types, see the articles ice and glacier. Generally, ice sheets are larger than valley glaciers.

Rain, rivers, floods, lakes, and the ocean carry away bits of soil and sand and slowly wash away the sediment. Rainfall produces four types of soil erosion: splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion, and gully erosion.

The two main types of erosion are:

• Abrasion – as the glacier moves downhill, rocks that have been frozen into the base and sides of the glacier scrape the rock beneath.
• Plucking – rocks become frozen into the bottom and sides of the glacier.

Examples. Terminal moraines are one of the most prominent types of moraines in the Arctic. Other prominent examples of terminal moraines are the Tinley Moraine and the Valparaiso Moraine, perhaps the best examples of terminal moraines in North America. These moraines are most clearly seen southwest of Chicago.

Terminal Moraine They mark the furthest point reached by the ice sheet or glacier. Terminal moraines form when the ice melts and deposits all the moraine it was transporting at the front of the glacier. The longer the ice continues to melt at the same place, the higher the terminal moraine.