Chloroplasts capture light energy from the sun to produce the free energy stored in ATP and NADPH through a process called photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are one of the many unique organelles in the body, and are generally considered to have originated as endosymbiotic cyanobacteria.

Chloroplasts are organelles that use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. Chloroplasts, along with mitochondria, supply much of the energy needed to power the activities of plant cells.

However the most easily recognizable plastid is the chloroplast, a green organelle that harvests light, then uses the trapped energy to synthesize sugar molecules, which are then stored as starch. Chloroplasts have an outer membrane enclosing a fluid matrix known as the stroma.

In plants and algae, which developed much later, photosynthesis occurs in a specialized intracellular organelle—the chloroplast. Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis during the daylight hours. The immediate products of photosynthesis, NADPH and ATP, are used by the photosynthetic cells to produce many organic molecules.

Mitochondria

Plants use a process called photosynthesis to make food. During photosynthesis, plants trap light energy with their leaves. Plants use the energy of the sun to change water and carbon dioxide into a sugar called glucose. Glucose is used by plants for energy and to make other substances like cellulose and starch.

The Golgi apparatus transports and modifies proteins in eukaryotic cells. How have scientists studied dynamic protein movements through the Golgi? The Golgi apparatus is the central organelle mediating protein and lipid transport within the eukaryotic cell.

The power stations of the cell are called mitochondria and the most common fuel that they consume is sugar (glucose). On this surface sit the proteins which convert glucose into ATP. The ATP is then passed out of the mitochondria into the cell for use. ATP is the basic unit of energy required in the cell.

The cytoplasm, or cell fluid, is made up of a jelly-like substance (cytosol) and within that, the organelles. The organelles are the cell’s organs. The cytoplasm is often colourless and is surrounded by the cell membrane which keeps the contents within the cell.

Muscle cells have the most number of mitochondria in a human body. That includes the cardiac cells as well(because, the heart is also a muscular chamber, if you’re not familiar). Their energy demand is very high compared to the other cells in the body, due to constant contraction and elongations.

In humans, mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother because an egg cell has many more mitochondria than a sperm cell. Mitochondria are semiautonomous organelles, depending on the host cell for their existence.

Both animal and plant cells have mitochondria, but only plant cells have chloroplasts. Once the sugar is made, it is then broken down by the mitochondria to make energy for the cell. Because animals get sugar from the food they eat, they do not need chloroplasts: just mitochondria.

The number of mitochondria per cell varies widely; for example, in humans, erythrocytes (red blood cells) do not contain any mitochondria, whereas liver cells and muscle cells may contain hundreds or even thousands. The only eukaryotic organism known to lack mitochondria is the oxymonad Monocercomonoides species.

The same is true for smooth muscle; however, due to a combination of a reduced requirement to perform work and greater efficiency of contraction, smooth muscle would be expected to contain fewer mitochondria than skeletal and cardiac muscles.

Muscle cells require much more energy than the rest of the body, so the muscles contain more mitochondria. The ATP is produced in the mitochondria using energy stored in food. Some cells have more mitochondria than others. Your fat cells have many mitochondria because they store a lot of energy.

The function of RBC is to carry oxygen. The mitochondria is absent so it will not be able to use any carrying oxygen thus increasing the carrying capacity.

Cellular processes As a result of not containing mitochondria, red blood cells use none of the oxygen they transport; instead they produce the energy carrier ATP by the glycolysis of glucose and lactic acid fermentation on the resulting pyruvate.

Crocodile icefish take this to the extreme. Unlike every other known type of backboned animal, they don’t have any red blood cells — or hemoglobin — at all. It’s astonishing!

Answer Expert Verified The Red Blood Cells (RBC) carry oxygen to the cells. To make this function very efficient, it loses or removes its Mitochondria during a phase called Erythropoiesis. Absence of Mitochondria also gives Red Blood Cells more space to carry oxygen and also to produce ATP, which is an energy carrier.

Red blood cells have adapted this characteristic (no nucleus) for several reasons. It simply allows the red blood cell to have more hemoglobin. The more hemoglobin you have, the more oxygen molecules you can carry. Lack of nucleus in RBC also allows the cell to have an unique bi concave shape that helps with diffusion.

About 95 percent of the dry weight of the red blood cell consists of hemoglobin, the substance necessary for oxygen transport. Hemoglobin is a protein; a molecule contains four polypeptide chains (a tetramer), each chain consisting of more than 140 amino acids.

mature sieve tube cells

Complete answer: A true nucleus is absent in the case of the prokaryotic cell of an organism and it is present in the eukaryotic cells.

Unlike the rest of the cells in your body, your red blood cells lack nuclei.

But in some cell nucleus is absent such as mammalian RBCs and sieve tube cells. They are called anucleate cells. In plants, xylem tracheids and vessels are nonliving and hence they also lack a functional nucleus.

Popular replies (1) Mature red blood cells (RBCs) do not possess nucleus along with other cell organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum in order to accommodate greater amount of haemoglobin in the cells. However, immature red blood cells contain nucleus.

The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell’s genetic material. This material is organized as DNA molecules, along with a variety of proteins, to form chromosomes.

The nucleus is a spherical-shaped organelle that is present in every eukaryotic cell. The Nucleus is the control centre of eukaryotic cells. It is also responsible for the coordination of genes and gene expression. The structure of the nucleus includes nuclear membrane, chromosomes, nucleoplasm, and nucleolus.

Most autotrophs use a process called photosynthesis to make their food. In photosynthesis, autotrophs use energy from the sun to convert water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air into a nutrient called glucose.

Most of this energy is stored in compounds called carbohydrates. The plants convert a tiny amount of the light they receive into food energy. When animals eat green plants (2) they consume and absorb some of this energy, which stored as chemical energy in compounds known as fats and protein.

Most of the energy use today are direct or indirect forms of solar energy. The food we eat comes from plants or animals. Plants convert light from the sun into carbohydrates and tissue. So its safe to say all food we eat is produced from solar energy.

The chemical energy stored in food is released by cells through the process of respiration.

A person who exclusively or predominantly eats meat.

This is not optimal, the human body works best with carbs, fats, and proteins. Originally Answered: Could a human survive on a purely carnivorous diet, and if not how long would they survive? Easily in excess of 100 years,in the very best of health The carnivorous diet is our natural diet. .

‘omnivore’ does mean ‘eats everything’ in the literal sense – omnis = every, vorare = to eat.

Human beings are omnivores. People eat plants, such as vegetables and fruits. We eat animals, cooked as meat or used for products like milk or eggs. We eat fungi such as mushrooms.

Many people think of humans as omnivores, designed to eat a diet with a substantial contribution of nutrients coming from both plants and animals. However, there is strong evidence that humans are in fact herbivores, meaning that the overwhelming majority of their diet should be comprised of plants.

An omnivore is an organism that eats plants and animals. Omnivores are a diverse group of animals. Examples of omnivores include bears, birds, dogs, raccoons, foxes, certain insects, and even humans.

We Don’t Have Carnivorous Teeth Humans can move their jaws up and down and from side to side, and we also have flat molars (which carnivores lack), allowing us to grind up fruit and vegetables with our back teeth like herbivores do.

This may explain why a recent review found that while vegetarians are more likely to live longer than the general population, their life expectancy is no higher than that of similarly health-conscious meat eaters ( 23 ).

Well … Although many humans choose to eat both plants and meat, earning us the dubious title of “omnivore,” we’re anatomically herbivorous. The good news is that if you want to eat like our ancestors, you still can: Nuts, vegetables, fruit, and legumes are the basis of a healthy vegan lifestyle.

• Animal lungs (as found in haggis) Animal lungs are a primary ingredient in haggis and the reason why we can’t have this Scottish delicacy in America.
• Casu Marzu: a Sardinian cheese filled with live maggots.
• Shark fins.
• Bushmeat: meat from African game animals.
• Pufferfish.
• Horse meat.
• Hallucinogenic absinthe.
• Sea turtle meat.

pigs

immortal jellyfish

It is illegal to sell them as food to people in the US. The reason for this is that lungs and other offal are internal organs that are prone to decay quickly and also prone to harbor disease. The regulatory bodies that make our food safe have deemed them too big of a risk. Does that include liver?

Ackee Fruit

Like a lot of offal, mass amounts of spleen disappear into sausages and pet food, but unlike say, sweetbreads or liver, spleen is rarely on the menu.

While it’s not illegal to buy spleen in the US it’s not a popular item.

Prohibited foods that may not be consumed in any form include all animals—and the products of animals—that do not chew the cud and do not have cloven hoofs (e.g., pigs and horses); fish without fins and scales; the blood of any animal; shellfish (e.g., clams, oysters, shrimp, crabs) and all other living creatures that …

Prohibited and Restricted Items

• Absinthe (Alcohol)
• Alcoholic Beverages.
• Automobiles.
• Biologicals.
• Ceramic Tableware.
• Cultural Artifacts and Cultural Property.
• Defense Articles or Items with Military or Proliferation Applications.
• Dog and Cat Fur.

U.S. horse meat is unfit for human consumption because of the uncontrolled administration of hundreds of dangerous drugs and other substances to horses before slaughter. These drugs are often labeled “Not for use in animals used for food/that will be eaten by humans.”

Taco Bell has officially joined Club Horse Meat. The fast-food chain and subsidiary of Yum Brands says it has found horse meat in some of the ground beef it sells in the United Kingdom. Sure, the mastermind behind the Double-Decker Taco Supreme is a fast-food mainstay in the US.

McDonald’s: “McDonald’s USA has never used horse meat in our hamburger patties. McDonald’s serves 100 percent pure USDA-inspected beef.”

Aldi said tests on random samples demonstrated that the withdrawn products contained between 30% and 100% horse meat. “This is completely unacceptable and like other affected companies, we feel angry and let down by our supplier. If the label says beef, our customers expect it to be beef.”