33%

After you learn something, Do Something! Find out how to take action here. 33% of deaths among 13 to 19-year-olds in 2010 occurred in motor vehicle crashes. 16-year-olds have higher crash rates than drivers of any other age.

Motor vehicle crashes

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 15- to 20-year-olds (based on 2005 figures, which are the latest mortality data currently available from the National Center for Health Statistics).

Cannabis is by far the most commonly used drug worldwide, according to the latest Global Drug Survey (GDS). Cocaine and MDMA are used to a far lesser extend in comparison. The figures used here do not consider alcohol, tobacco or caffeine, which of course are also heavily used.

Caffeine is a psychoactive (mind-altering) drug that affects how we think and feel. It is a stimulant that speeds up our breathing, heart rate, thoughts and actions. Caffeine is found in the seeds, leaves and fruit of certain shrubs, including coffee and tea plants.

caffeine

Aspirin is now the most commonly used drug in the world. Its role in preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dis- ease has been revolutionary and one of the biggest pharma- ceutical success stories of the last century.

Aspirin, the original wonder drug, has long been a go-to medicine for millions, a Jack-of-all trades remedy that is readily available and cheap. Championed for its ability to relieve pain, fever and inflammation, aspirin has been a staple in home medicine cabinets and first-aid kits for more than a century.

A toxic dose of aspirin is 200 to 300 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram of body weight), and ingestion of 500 mg/kg is potentially lethal. In chronic overdose a lower level of aspirin in the body can result in serious illness. Much lower levels can affect children.

A study even suggested that the use of aspirin increased fracture risk. As a conclusion, aspirin may increase bone mineral density but its effect on fracture prevention is inconclusive. More data are needed to determine the effects of aspirin and bone health in human.

Many drugs can affect bone metabolism. As an example, heparin, warfarin, cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, medroxyprogesterone acetate, cancer drugs, and thyroid hormone can cause bone loss, while thiazide diuretics can minimize bone loss [1,2].

Ibuprofen and other nonselective and selective COX inhibitors are thought to influence bone metabolism by blocking the production of PGE2.

Doctors have traditionally avoided prescribing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen to patients with fractures. However, a new study shows ibuprofen is an effective medication for fracture pain in children and its use does not affect fracture healing.

Based on the research to date, it appears that naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn, Anaprox) may be less risky than other NSAIDs. Aspirin cousins. Consider trying cousins of aspirin called nonacetylated salicylates. These include salsalate (Disalcid) and trisalicylate (Trilisate).

Smoking and high glucose levels interfere with bone healing. For all patients with fractured bones, immobilization is a critical part of treatment, because any movement of bone fragments slows down the initial healing process.

You may also be given a type of painkiller called a non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drug (for example, ibuprofen)….If you’re 16 or over and healthcare professionals think you have broken a large bone in your leg or arm, you should be offered:

• paracetamol for mild pain.
• paracetamol and codeine for moderate pain.

There is no evidence that a broken bone will grow back stronger than it was before once it has healed. Although there may be a brief time when the fracture site is stronger, this is fleeting, and healed bones are capable of breaking again anywhere, including at the previous fracture site.

If a stress fracture is not treated, the fracture may get worse. It can heal improperly, lead to arthritis or may even need surgery.

When you suffer a fracture, it will eventually heal and recover to the point that you no longer experience pain. Unfortunately, this does not happen for everyone. Some people may continue to experience pain long after the fracture and soft tissues have finished healing. This is what we call chronic pain.

Symptoms of a fracture that is not healing normally include tenderness, swelling, and an aching pain that may be felt deep within the affected bone. Often, the bone isn’t strong enough to bear weight, and you may not be able to use the affected body part until the bone heals.

The pain may feel like a sharp, stabbing pain. The pain also worsens if pressure is placed on it. As your bone heals, this decreases. If you have a cast placed around the area, you will likely feel almost no pain anymore because the bone is stabilized.

Vitamins are also essential for bone rebuilding as they promote most of the cellular processes and reactions that occur in bone. Vitamins C, D, and K play vital roles in the fracture healing process. Vitamin B is essential for energy production. People can also use herbal supplements to speed fracture healing.

Good sources of calcium include:

• milk, cheese and other dairy foods.
• green leafy vegetables, such as broccoli, cabbage and okra, but not spinach.
• soya beans.
• tofu.
• soya drinks with added calcium.
• nuts.
• bread and anything made with fortified flour.
• fish where you eat the bones, such as sardines and pilchards.

Eggs are a great source of quality protein and they are one of the few dietary sources of vitamin D, so they should be a part of your recovery plan.

Foods to avoid include foods high in sugar or salt, red meat, alcohol and caffeine. It is best to abstain from alcohol while healing a broken bone.

Caffeine-containing beverage consumption has been reported to be associated with reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk in some, but not most, observational studies.

Immobilization. Restricting movement of a broken bone, which requires a splint, sling, brace or cast, is critical to healing. Before applying a cast, your doctor will likely wait until the swelling goes down, usually five to seven days after injury.

Strong restrictions on nighttime driving and teen passengers, as well as raising the licensing age, reduced rates of fatal crashes and insurance collision claims. According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety: A total of 2,476 teenagers ages 13-19 died in motor vehicle crashes in 2018.

Unintentional injury and homicide were the leading causes of death among residents ages 15–24, each accounting for 34.2% and 32.9%, respectively, of all deaths. These were followed by suicide (9.9%) and cancer (5.8%).

Leading Causes of Death

• Heart disease: 659,041.
• Cancer: 599,601.
• Accidents (unintentional injuries): 173,040.
• Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 156,979.
• Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 150,005.
• Alzheimer’s disease: 121,499.
• Diabetes: 87,647.
• Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: 51,565.

Saturdays

According to Crosstown’s analysis, It’s good to have a case of the Mondays when it comes to your evening commute. The data showed that, across the board, traffic is smoothest on Monday evening.